ANALISIS UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG SISTEM PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL TERHADAP AKSES ORANG MISKIN PADA PENDIDIKAN

Government steps in realizing compulsory education is not only to provide and build infrastructure kepelosok education area, but the government is also expected to provide assistance in the form of program costs in order to support compulsory education. Investigators therefore conducted this research with the aim to determine the role of Law Number 20 Year 2003 on National Education System in protecting the rights of poor people to participate in education and to investigate the role of government in providing the poor access to education. The method used in this research is qualitative research and research sites located in Jombang District Education Office, SMA Patriot and SMA PGRI in the district Peterongan. Data collection techniques in this study through observation (participatory observation), interviews (structured interviews), documentation (research results). Results from the study showed that education in Jombang district is not discriminatory, even poor people get education services such as the PIP and BKSM budgeted from APBD and APBN.

Indonesia’s education system directs that the curriculum of every education level should insert local wisdom education, especially in arts subject. Every area in Indonesia has various performing arts. One of the arts in Kendal is Barongan dance which is able to be used as the learning source. This research aims to analyse the extracurricular learning process with local wisdom materials in SMA PGRI 1 Kendal. This research was a qualitative research. The technique of data collection consists of observation, interview, and documentation. The technique of data analysis used data reduction, data delivery, and data verification. The result of the research showed that the learning consisted of three stages, the beginning, main materials, and closing. The steps were in line to Gagne’s theory of learning phases motivation, introduction, acquisition, performance, and feedback. The beginning consisted of motivation and performance. The main part included the knowledge and the performance. Meanwhile, the closing dealt with the performance and feedback. The learning process also involved interaction. The learning of extracurricular in SMA PGRI 1 Kendal used local wisdom of Barongan with materials focusing on developing the arts. The formation of the dance consisted of lampah seblak, sembahan, jengkeng manggut,menthang tangan, and loncat jaran.

The Kyrgyz Republic occupies a strategically important geographical position at the intersection of interregional integration platforms. Consequently, the humanitarian space in the Republic is filled with acts of "soft power" aimed at promoting the political and economic projects of foreign countries. In the context of restrictions on NGO activities, interstate educational organizations integrated into the national education system and capable of influencing from within become particularly significant. The study substantiates the strategic importance of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University in the political, economic, and humanitarian context, reviews the national education system of Kyrgyzstan and the training of highly qualified personnel, as well as Russia's main project within this system, its functioning model, current development directions, and target benchmarks. The object of the proposed article is the national higher education system of the Kyrgyz Republic. The subject is the activity of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University (KRSU) in Kyrgyzstan since 2023. The purpose of the study is to identify the institutional significance of the KRSU in the higher education system of Kyrgyzstan. The methodological basis of the research includes: systemic method, historical method, institutional approach, content analysis, and participant observation method. The novelty of the research lies in examining the interstate educational organization as an element of the national higher education system within the framework of modern processes of its transformation, including those influenced by external actors in the context of Kyrgyzstan's geopolitical significance. A description of the national education system of Kyrgyzstan is provided as a system of an ethnic community that carries the state language, characterized by diasporic features, a predominant scientific orientation of education, and a secular nature of upbringing. Based on the analysis of the institutional foundations of the national higher education system of Kyrgyzstan and strategic documents, restraining factors and features of the target development model have been identified. An analysis of the legal framework for the functioning of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University in Kyrgyzstan has been conducted. Based on a historical and political review, the target benchmarks and key directions of the university's activities have been identified. According to the conclusions drawn, the significance of the university in the national higher education system lies in its representation by the Russian side as a typical model for the development of Kyrgyz universities aimed at orienting towards the formation of a unified educational space based on the Russian model.

AWARENESS OF RIGHT TO EDUCATION AMONG SECONDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution, Article 31, Sentence 1, stipulates that “each citizen has the right to education.” This means that the Indonesian government has the obligation to provide and run a national education system, in order to make intelligent the nation. Then, described in 2003 Law number 20 on National Education System and in 2008 Government Regulation Number 47, on Compulsory Education, that stipulated the Government and Local Government guarantee the execution of compulsory education at the least in basic education without charging any tuition fee; and obligates each region to set up Local Regulation and implement the Basic Compulsory Education Program. The Bojonegroro Regency Regulation Number 4 Year 2012, Article 65, Sentence 1, letter (a) states that: “the Local Government is obligated to set a 12 (twelve) year compulsory education, which comprises of 9 (nine) year basic education and 3 (three) year middle education.” It guarantees that each child has access to at the least 9 years of education, and that 9 year basic education expenses is provided for. The evaluation of the 9 year compulsory education in Bojonegero, shows that the average length of education is 6.7 years. It means that the citizen of Bojonegoro having finished the 6 year Elementary School. The aim of 9 year compulsory education hasn’t been reached. Using the qualitative descriptive method, show several causal factors. These factors are that school participation is low, there is significant level of illiteracy and school drop outs, and the psychology of rural people who think that to ease the parents’ burden, after 6 years of Elementary school the girls are married off and the boys help with earning money. To reach the aim of 9 year compulsory education, there should be a special program to eradicate illiteracy, raising the capacity of Kejar Program A and B, Back to School Movement, and Education Policy that involves both formal and non-formal education.

The purpose of this service and training is to maximize website-based information to provide educational information in SMA PGRI 4 Gandrungmangu Cilacap. The information provided is academic and non-academic activities to the wider community around Gandrungmangu and outside Gandrungmangu sub-district. The method I use is Extreme Programming in qualitative research. All information obtained from the key informants of the SMA PGRI 4 Gandrungmangu school operator and the Principal of SMA PGRI 4 Gandrungmangu. Data collection is through: interviews, documentation and observation. The data analysis technique is qualitative which can be interpreted as the process of collecting data, condensing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that, the management of a website-based information system in providing information related to educational administration at SMA PGRI 4 Gandrungmangu from its management and implementation does not yet have mature planning so that the organization is not organized, the existing leadership is still not working optimally to oversee the performance of school operators in website management and also as long as there is website management the evaluation has not been carried out thoroughly. In this study there are inhibiting factors that affect the management of the management information system, namely the lack of operator time in carrying out tasks because SMA PGRI 4 Gandrungmangu only has one operator. the results of the recapitulation of the survey questionnaire with the UAT test were 85.5%. This test the accepted hypothesis of the application with a good user acceptance test

Education has an important role in the process of improving the quality of human resources. Improving the quality of education is an integrated process in the process of improving the quality of human resources. The role of education is very much needed and demands attention and participation from all parties. In Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution, education is a right for every citizen, the Government is well aware of the need to improve the quality of education as a tool to improve the quality of human resources. Through Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the national education system and Presidential Instruction No. 5 of 2006 2006 concerning the National Movement for the Acceleration of Completion of Compulsory Education for Nine Years of Basic Education and Eradication of Illiteracy. Therefore, there are still many children who drop out of school, especially in Nabire Regency. Most children drop out of school because of a lack of awareness of the importance of education and the role of parents in encouraging their children. In addition, the school environment that affects student learning includes classroom infrastructure, inadequate and inadequate building conditions. In this study using qualitative research methods, namely a study aimed at describing and analyzing phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, thoughts of people individually and in groups. Qualitative research, data collection is carried out in natural conditions, primary data sources, and data collection techniques are mostly on instrumental observation, as well as in-depth interviews. This study concludes that the implementation of the 9-year compulsory education program policy in Nabire sub-district has not been implemented effectively due to inconsistency. Then policy implementers have not given a positive attitude which is marked by weak coordination in policy implementation.

Modernization of Chinese Education 2035 clearly pointed out that the realization of basic public education equalization is the basic requirement of education modernization, compulsory education is the core of basic public education service system. How to improve the level of compulsory education equalization, the key lies in the realization of standardization of compulsory education schooling. Compulsory education schooling standardization is a basic project, is the responsibility of national education modernization management system. It is necessary for the development of compulsory education to define the nature of public social services for compulsory education and to emphasize the foundation and balance of schools for compulsory education. Thus, this study aims to exploring how to standardize compulsory schooling in China from the scopes of policies, practices, challenges and suggestions. In particular, the policy analysis of compulsory schooling standardization, the practice analysis of compulsory schooling standardization, challenges in the standardization of compulsory schooling, and suggestions on compulsory schooling standardization have been explored, relatively in this study.

The struggle of women to occupy public positions is not as easy as that of men. The totality of domestic and public roles that are carried out simultaneously by women leads to multiple roles that must be played. The strength of the patriarchal culture is also a measure of the inappropriateness of women in occupying public seats, especially in politics. This misunderstanding does not only come from men and society, even many women are not aware of the roles they carry out. So far, women's participation in politics appears more often as election participants or as voting members and not many women participate in the election organizing committee. The policy of affirming the 30% quota for women's representation is not only at the level of election participants, but also applies at the level of organizing elections, starting at the central level to local committees. This has been clearly stated in Law no. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. This article is the result of qualitative research using data collection techniques through documentation and interviews with the Jombang KPU commissioner team. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the data on the 2019 election results related to the implementation of the election obtained unsatisfactory results, especially related to the quota for representation of women election organizers. The condition of not fulfilling the quota took place both at the KPU commissioner level, the District Election Committee (PPK), and the Voting Committee (PPS). Meanwhile at the level of the Voting Organizing Group (KPPS) it is in the condition that the 30% quota for women's representation is fulfilled.

Soon after the establishment of the Republic of China, the Ministry of Education has been summoning three times national education conference to modernize its educational system and promote progress nationwide. The proposal of education in order to education demobilization in the world war Ⅱ. Takeover and demobilization of education were complex in post war. The purpose for the three times National Education Conference aimed to efficiently secure and restore the educational facilities and services in the occupied land after Japan's surrender. The Conference for National Education Reorganization was summoned on September 20, 1945 in Chong-Chin. 191 participants, including a large number of college and universities attended, educational experts and representatives from other essential fields participated in this conference. Mr. Chu Ja-Hua, minister of the Education Ministry was elected the Committee Chair and five groups led discussion. The topics covered various important topics and issues of which many primary concerns are listed: Constitution of higher education institutes like junior colleges and university; Demobilization for national high schools; Promoting personnel administration and welfare for staff and faculty members at high schools and higher education institutes which were located at the occupied towns and cities by Japanese military force; Nationwide promotion of compulsory education for all people in post war; Restoring plans and projects for the returned Taiwan province; Readmitting and transferring procedures for military people who were applying for advance education at high schools and colleges; Awards for encouraging those who continued their services at national schools at remote towns and cities at war; Modernization and renovation of education through social services. One hundred and twenty-six proposals inclusive the above eight topics were presented and discussed during the conference. The conference achieved substantial degrees of consensus among participants and laid a solid foundation of restoration and renovations for sake of the nation's educational systems after is traumatic suffer from the war against Japan's invasion and occupation. Unfortunately, some perspectives were effortlessly treated during the pan discussion in the conference. Universities were the prime concern, but primary and secondary schools were not; Schools education were the prim concern, but social education was not; National universities were the prime concern, but private universities were not; Formality was the prim concern, but practicality was not. Apart from these neglected issues, decision on examinations and evolution procedures for admitting new students were not thoroughly considered and thus creating new problems of unjust judgements on students' potential and ability. Moreover, there was no unified force among schools slowed down the progress of educational renovation. Any goals which can not changes in the meeting are destined to create negative effects and problems which prevent the nation from advance and stability.

This research is a quantitative experimental research. The purpose of this study is to find out about the effect of using comic strip to the 12th grader Student’s writing ability of Japanese transactional text at SMA PGRI 3 Padang. By using random sampling method, the population of this study is the 12th grader student at SMA PGRI 3 Padang school year 2018/2019. There are some indicators in order to achieve the objectives of this research, they are (1) find out how student's writing ability in Japanese transactional text without using comic strip media. (2) find out how student's writing ability in Japanese transactional text with using comic strip media. (3) find out that using comic strip has any effect to student’s writing ability in Japanese transactional text. The results of this research is the Japanese transactional text writing ability of experiment group is qualifying as ‘very good’ with an average 91,32. In other hand, the Japanese transactional text writing ability of control group is qualifying as ‘more than enough’ with an average 73,07. The Result of uji-t, can be concluded a hypothesis (H 1 ) aceptablea in signification 5% because T hitung > T tabel (34,43> 2,02). In other words, usage comic strip has significant effect to the 12th grader Student’s writing ability of Japanese transactional text at SMA PGRI 3 Padang. So, it can be concluded that the Japanese transactional text writing ability of experiment group with comic strip media is ‘better’ than the control group without comic strip media. In other words, the usage of comic strip media is effective to student's writing ability in Japanese transactional text. Keywords : Transactional text, comic strip

There are many cases of intolerance both in the form of radicalism that occur in educational institutions, especially in high schools in Indonesia, so it is very necessary to have a solution that creates an atmosphere of harmony in carrying out state and religious life with religious moderation. Schools are the main arena in upholding Pancasila values and religious moderation. Therefore the right solution to reinforce these values so that they can be used as guidelines in teaching and learning activities is through Islamic Religious Education. The approach taken in this study uses qualitative research methods, namely research that departs from inductive thinking patterns, which are based on participatory objective observations of a social phenomenon. The phenomenon in question includes past, present and even future conditions. The internalization of religious moderation values ​​through PAI learning at SMA PGRI 2 has been implemented, namely planning for internalizing religious moderation values ​​through PAI learning at SMA PGRI 2 is coordination between schools and education stakeholders, forming programs according to the school curriculum, outreach, planning PAI learning tools and morning greetings.

This study aims to (1) describe the position of Islamic Religious Education in the Indonesian National Education System, (2) reveal the condition of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in North Minahasa, and (3) analyze the accessibility of IRE for Islamic students in non-Muslim elementary schools. A qualitative-descriptive method was used for this analysis, with primary data being obtained and identified through informants. Meanwhile, books, scientific journals, and other pieces of relevant literature were used as secondary data and analyzed inductively. The results showed that elementary schools did not pragmatically have Islamic Religious Education services although the rights of the Muslim students in obtaining them had been guaranteed by the Indonesian Government through the National Education System (NES) Law Number 20 of 2003. This led to the inaccessibility of the educational services, with the main factor being the insufficient number of Islamic students, as required by the NES. Despite the unfulfilled quota to obtain these services, government control as policymakers was still needed. This indicated that the ministry and the education office at the central and regional levels should have alternative solutions, respectively, without being negligent in resolving the problematic condition. Based on these results, the patterns by which the state failed in the equal availability and accessibility of religious education to Indonesian students were observed at all levels of state elementary schools under its regulation. These subsequently strengthened inequalities in this educational field while practicing religious discrimination based on accessibility. Additionally, the results suggest that the central and regional Indonesian governments, as well as other related agencies, need to be more proactive in providing religious education services to all institutional students. This leads to the availability of equality in obtaining education for all citizens, as mandated by law.

Whereas Article 31 Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution (before the amendment) is the legal basis for the formation of Law Number 2 of 1989 concerning the National Education System (Law on National Education System), furthermore based on the provisions of Article 31 Paragraph (2) of the Law. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUDNRI 1945) resulted from the amendment that has formed Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System (New National Education System) as a substitute for the National Education System Law. According to Article 58 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the new National Education System, provisions related to of student learning are carried out by educators (teachers), while student evaluation is carried out by independent institutions. In this case, it is carried out by the National Education Standards Agency (BSNP). Furthermore, as the implementation of the new National Education System, Government Regulation Number 19 of 2005 in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 32 of 2013 in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 13 of 2013 concerning National Education Standards, which in Article 66 paragraph (1) regulates the National Examination (UN ) organized by the government, in this case, the BSNP. Whereas according to the provisions of Article 58 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the new National Education System, the evaluation of student learning outcomes and student evaluation is not the government's authority, in this case, BSNP. And BSNP was formed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 97 of 2013 concerning the National Education Standards Agency. Along with the development of the Covid 19 outbreak, the Minister of Education and Culture issued Circular Number 1 of 2021 regarding the Abolition of the National Examination in the Covid 18 situation, but along with the issuance of this circular the position of Article 66 paragraph (1) Government Regulation Number 13 of 2013 concerning The National Education Standards which are the basis for the implementation of the national examinations are still in effect, besides that the position of circulars in the statutory system is not included in one of the hierarchies of statutory regulations so that the elimination of the national exams itself creates legal uncertainty. Keywords: binoculars, certainty, law, negation, national examination.

Whereas Article 31 Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution (before the amendment) is the legal basis for the formation of Law Number 2 of 1989 concerning the National Education System (Law on National Education System), furthermore based on the provisions of Article 31 Paragraph (2) of the Law. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUDNRI 1945) resulted from the amendment that has formed Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System (New National Education System) as a substitute for the National Education System Law. According to Article 58 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the new National Education System, provisions related to "evaluation of student learning are carried out by educators (teachers), while student evaluation is carried out by independent institutions. In this case, it is carried out by the National Education Standards Agency (BSNP).Furthermore, as the implementation of the new National Education System, Government Regulation Number 19 of 2005 in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 32 of 2013 in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 13 of 2013 concerning National Education Standards, which in Article 66 paragraph (1) regulates the National Examination (UN ) organized by the government, in this case, the BSNP. Whereas according to the provisions of Article 58 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the new National Education System, the evaluation of student learning outcomes and student evaluation is not the government's authority, in this case, BSNP. And BSNP was formed based on the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 97 of 2013 concerning the National Education Standards Agency. Along with the development of the Covid 19 outbreak, the Minister of Education and Culture issued Circular Number 1 of 2021 regarding the Abolition of the National Examination in the Covid 18 situation, but along with the issuance of this circular the position of Article 66 paragraph (1) Government Regulation Number 13 of 2013 concerning The National Education Standards which are the basis for the implementation of the national examinations are still in effect, besides that the position of circulars in the statutory system is not included in one of the hierarchies of statutory regulations so that the elimination of the national exams itself creates legal uncertainty.Keywords: binoculars, certainty, law, negation, national examination.