Analisis Penggunaan Bahasa dalam Film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap

This study considers a multilingual and culturally diverse post-Soviet country – Kazakhstan, where most of the population is bilingual or multilingual. In order to reverse the pre-colonial Russification, in the post-colonial period, the country has raised the status of Kazakh as the national language. However, Russian is kept as the language for inter-ethnic and regional communication, and English is adopted as the language of international communication. This small-scale study uses the concept of lifestyle diglossia (Saxena, 2014) to understand and explain the macro- & micro-level language practices in ‘regulated spaces’ and ‘unregulated spaces’ (Sebba, 2009) through the following research questions: (1) What are the attitudes of the participants towards the languages in their language repertoire?; (2) What are their patterns of language use in different domains at macro-level?; and (3) What are their patterns of language use in digital communication at micro-level? The participants in the study were 19 family members of master’s students at Graduate School of Education. The participants were divided into three groups by age: Teenagers (10-19), Younger Adults (20-39), and Middle-aged Adults (40-59). Questionnaires conducted among the participants were consisted of eleven questions, that were employed to elicit macro-level data on language repertoire, language attitudes and language use in three different domains, such as family, friendship, and education. The micro-level language use data in different contexts of digital communication (viz., WhatsApp, Telegram and Instagram) were collected over a period of three weeks during the course Multilingual Society in the Spring’21. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit participants’ attitudes towards languages in their repertoires and their language choices in the social networks. The results of the study revealed a high competence in the Kazakh language use and a positive attitude towards it were on the rise among the youngest participants, notably by teenagers. However, mainly the Russian language was favoured and accepted as the most prestigious language among the younger adults and middle-aged participants. Although the respondents’ English language competence varies, the attitude towards learning it as a foreign language was positive among all three age groups. Moreover, the micro-analysis of digital communication revealed multi-modal code-switching among these languages. Besides, code-mixing, borrowings, neologisms, abbreviations, emoticons, and shortenings were mainly used by the respondents in their digital communication in all age groups. Based on the study results, the decision tree was drawn to depict language choice depending on the formal/informal settings, intimate/non-intimate topics, serious/non-serious issues and characterized the equal usage of all languages for different purposes.

Inclusivity is key to creating a fair space for everyone in various fields, including deaf people, especially in the dynamic film industry. In line with this, this study aims to evaluate the level of inclusivity in Indonesian films through the representation of deaf people and the use of sign language as a means of communication. Using a quantitative-descriptive approach, data was collected through questionnaires distributed to two categories, namely the general public and the deaf community, and then analyzed descriptively. The results show that the majority of respondents consider the use of sign language in films to be an important step towards inclusive representation because the representation of deaf people and the use of sign language in Indonesian films is still far from adequate. Further assessment of the limitations of Indonesian films that raise this theme shows that there is a gap that must be addressed immediately. These findings emphasize the need for collaboration between filmmakers, the deaf community, and relevant institutions to create more equitable and accessible representation. By incorporating empathy through the use of sign language, the film industry holds the potential to reach a broader audience and actively contribute to the creation of artworks that can be enjoyed by all segments of society.

Editor—The use by Baird et al in their clinical review of the diagnosis “autism” and “autistic spectrum disorders” confuses me.1 The authors list five outcomes in box 8 that indicate...

In the increasingly advanced digital era, children are increasingly exposed to gadgets such as smartphones, tablets and computers which provide easy access to various online content. Almost all levels of society have gadgets. Excessive use of gadgets or without adequate supervision can have a negative impact on children's language development and use of Indonesian that is not appropriate for their age. Parents give gadgets to their children for several reasons, such as calming the child when they are fussy, making it easier for the child to sleep or eat, and giving parents free time so they can do household work or relax. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of technological developments on the use of Indonesian by children in elementary schools in communicating and to identify forms of use of Indonesian that are not appropriate for the age of children in elementary schools due to technological developments. The research method used is analytical descriptive, namely research that attempts to describe phenomena that occur realistically, real and contemporary, because this research consists of making systematic, factual and precise descriptions, drawings or paintings regarding the facts, characteristics and relationships between the phenomena being studied. . The research results show that uncontrolled use of gadgets and lack of supervision can contribute to children using inappropriate language in their communication. Children who spend too much time on gadgets tend to be exposed to content that is inappropriate or not appropriate for their age. The influence of a less controlled environment can also influence the use of inappropriate language. It is important for parents and the environment around them to supervise children's use of gadgets by providing appropriate restrictions and managing usage times and also providing a clear understanding of the appropriate and ethical use of language in communication. Parents and the surrounding environment can act as positive examples in the use of appropriate language and provide continuous guidance regarding the importance of using appropriate language in communication.

The orbit at which Yoruba film industry operates in the recent time reveals the concentric relationship between the artistry and the technology of productions as evident in the use of language, props, costumes and make-up in compatibility with the representation of characterization and subject matter on the screen. The current situation of Yoruba films in the cinematic mode is a sort of reflection of nostalgia for the functional use of Yoruba language for communicative and artistic purposes with the interplay of codes and significations. With the qualitative approach of literature review and textual analysis of some Yoruba-language films such as Tunde Kelani’s Ayinla , Kunle Afolayan’s Anikulapo as well as Sadiq Adebayo and Adebayo Tijani’s Jagun Jagun , the present study critically examines the use of Yoruba language in its natural forms without any trace of code-mixing or code-switching that have been recurring patterns of Yoruba-language films since the departure from the cinema to home videos in the early 1990s. The use of Yoruba language in the contemporary films in cinematic mode has been functional thereby revealing the aesthetic, pedagogical and cultural values of the language. This is evident in the use of proverbs, local idioms and other nuances of Yoruba language without affecting the cognitive and semantic import of the theme and overall message of the film texts. The renaissance of Yoruba language and culture in films is necessary to reawaken the consciousness of native speakers at home and in the diaspora on the significance of the sustained use of the language for literary and non-literary functions.

Language use and communication cannot be equated entirely, since verbal communication is not the only form of language use. There are several other kinds of language use including the use of language to inform, think, memorize, learn, take notes, play, sing for fun or in psycholinguistic experiments, as has been exemplified and argued for in some grammatical and pragmatics traditions. The present paper attempts to characterize a non-communicative form of language use, namely, informative language use. First, with the help of re-analyses of various example types previously analyzed from different perspectives in the pragmatics literature, the paper illustrates the real, independent existence of informative language use. Second, relying on these re-analyses of examples, and also applying a definition of ostensive-inferential communication, informative language use and communicative language use are distinguished. Third, the paper characterizes informative language use in detail and demonstrates what similarities and differences informative versus communicative forms of language use have. The conclusion of the research presented here is, on the one hand, that people's verbal behavior cannot be evaluated independently of their intentions, and, on the other hand, that utterances in a verbal interaction should be analyzed individually, and relying on the speakers' intentions that can be identified only by considering various linguistic and non-linguistic factors. For example, one and the same utterance can be treated as a manifestation of communicative language use toward an addressee and at the same time, as a manifestation of informative language use toward another person. It should also be emphasized that making a distinction between the informative and communicative forms of language use, first, has indisputable advantages in explaining the phenomena in language use, and second, results in a more comprehensive modeling of pragmatic competence.

Language in films is not only a means of communication, but also reflects the identity and cultural values ​​of the community. Based on this understanding, this study examines the phenomenon of language choice in the short film series “Ke Jogja” as a representation of the cultural identity of the Yogyakarta community. The background of this study is the sociolinguistic reality of multilingual Indonesian society, especially in Yogyakarta which has a rich culture and Javanese language stratification. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of code switching, code mixing, and language variation as a reflection of local social and cultural values. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through listening to dialogues in films, transcriptions, and context analysis. The results of the study show that internal and external code switching, as well as code mixing in the form of words, phrases, idioms, and word repetitions, emerge naturally and function to adjust to the social context and reflect cultural identity. These findings show that language in digital media is not only a means of communication, but also a means of expressing culture and social values. The implications of this study indicate that audiovisual media can be an effective means of representing the linguistic dynamics of multicultural societies, as well as the importance of understanding the context of language use in cross-cultural interactions. Keywords: language choice, cultural identity, Sociolinguistics, short films Ke Jogja

In communicating, humans sometimes need to show directly what they mean. The use of language in communication between humans in dating is a form of discourse. Besides discourse being a form of language use, discourse is also an utterance. Discourse analysis based on context is, of course, inseparable from the use of pragmatics. Pragmatic discourse analysis in literary works has been done—analysis of the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramodya Ananta Tour, translated into English by Max. This study aims to analyze discourse with a pragmatic approach in the short story Blarak by Yanusa Nugroho. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data of this study are the words or sentences contained in the short story Blarak by Yanusa Nugroho which are contained in the 2009 Kompas short story collection. The data collection technique in this study used note-taking techniques. This study's research instrument (data collection instrument) is from the researcher himself. The analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative data analysis technique. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the deixis in the short story Blarak by Yanusa Nugroho includes personal deixis, place deixis, and time deixis. Keywords: analysis, discourse, short story

This article discusses the use of language in communication, specifically focusing on the concept of pragmatics and expanding it to understanding the meaning behind words. This highlights the importance of considering the context in which language is used, as well as the intention of the speaker, to fully understand the message conveyed. This article aims to describe illocutionary speech acts in tweets on the Twitter account of vice presidential candidate Gibran Rakabuming Raka during the 2024 presidential election contestation campaign. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research, with data in the form of tweets. This research shows the existence of illocutionary speech acts in several tweets on the Twitter account @gibran_tweet. The data collection technique in this research uses the note-taking technique. The research results found that there were 26 illocutionary speech acts with details of 7 assertive speech acts, 5 directive speech acts, 4 expressive speech acts, 6 commissive speech acts, and 4 expressive speech acts. The benefits of this research can be used as a reference for further relevant research.

Oral discourse which transcripted and analyzed in terms of its meaning can be categorized into the study of pragmatics. A study that emphasizes the use of language in communication. The problem in this research is how the maxims and imperatives utterances in Mata Najwa episode Habibi Hari Ini. The purpose of this study is to describe the maxims and imperatives of speech in Mata Najwa episode Habibi Hari Ini. The results of this study are expected to provide information about the speech act, especially maxims and imperatives. This research is qualitative contextual analysis. The data in this study is a dialogue between the host and the guest speaker at the event Mata Najwa episode Habibi Hari Ini. The data collection is done with methods see and note. Researchers found 16 citations after a dialogue with the analysis, obtained 2 types of principles of politeness maxims and 11 meaning pragmatic imperatives. Maxims and pragmatic imperatives are part of that can be analyzed to show politeness use of language in communication. It is very important to use the maxims and imperatives of every speech. Keywords : pragmatics, maxims, imperatives, Mata Najwa

National development and human resource management today are founded on responsible communication. The purpose of the study was sought to determine the effects of the radio on the prevalent unethical use of language in communication among tertiary institutions’ students in Uasin Gishu County. This study was based on the social influence theory, since FM radio programmes contribute to influencing listeners in terms of oral communication. This study was conducted in Uasin Gishu County in Rift Valley and covered five tertiary institutions. The study adopted descriptive survey research design to address the research objectives. The target populations for this study were students in the sampled institutions. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw the sample from the target population. The sample population for this study was 200 respondents. To collect data, questionnaires were used for the students and oral interviews were used for the radio presenters. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistical techniques; in certain frequencies, percentages and inferential statistics. Data presentation was done using tables and bar charts. It is hoped that the findings of this study would be used to evaluate the extent to which FM radio stations influence oral communication among the students in tertiary institutions. Key Words : Radio; Communication; Prevalent; Students; Tertiary institutions.

This paper examines the patterns of language use among immigrant children from Anglophone African countries living in Botswana. The study reveals major differences in their patterns of language use when compared to that of their parents. Three distinct language use patterns were identified; namely, children who are monolingual in English; those who are bilingual in English and the mother tongue, English and Kiswahili, or English and Setswana; and a third group who are multilingual in the mother tongue, English, Kiswahili and/ or Setswana. The study also reveals that whereas majority of the immigrant parents do not speak Setswana, in spite of their length of residence in Botswana, a good percentage of their children speaks Setswana. Another interesting finding is that many of the immigrant children who cannot speak their mother tongues are fluent speakers of Setswana, the dominant language of the host community. Data for this study were collected using two instruments; namely, a questionnaire designed for parents and an interview schedule for children aged between 18- 25. The questionnaire was administered to 100 immigrant parents from Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia. Fifty immigrant children from these countries were interviewed to get more insightful data on the patterns of language use among this population. Convenience sampling was used to identify the participants. The theoretical framework of this study was based on the “opportunity versus motivation” argument on language maintenance and language shift. The researcher recommends that immigrant children should be given more exposure and opportunities to learn and speak their mother tongue languages, especially in the family domain.

The paper aims to overview some typical principles of communicative language use in a cognitive pragmatic approach applying a reductionist method in order to demonstrate that the well-known principles can be reduced to a very general rationality (economy) principle. After briefly reviewing the principles the paper re-evaluates them and provides a new classification of them relying on the definition of ostensive-inferential communication. The principles which can be divided into rationality and interpersonality principles are really principles of effective information transmission on objects and selves. They refer to two kinds of language use: informative and communicative ones. The only principles valid for only communicative language use are the communicative principle of relevance and the principle of communicative intention suggested in the present article. Finally, the paper reduces all rationality and interpersonality principles to a very general rationality principle, i.e., the cognitive principle o...

Language is a connecting tool that is needed as a means of communication. Therefore, it’s use in daily activities facilitates interaction, either directly or indirectly, written or unwritten. Language skills in Indonesian language learning have four forms, namely speaking, writing, listening and reading skills. writing and speaking skills can be called to productive competence, while listening and reading skills appertain receptive competence. The use of language in communication provides convenience, one of which is the reference and referential system. Behind this convenience, the referral system can also cause ambiguity, confusion and misunderstanding. This diexist analysis study aims to examine the contents of the short story anthology Dompet Bolu Kukus that can be used in the Indonesian language learning process. Deixis has a function to explain the meaning of speech so that the meaning contained in the speech can be clearly understood by the reader, a review related to this deixis is a way to discover connection between language and context from the language structure it self, so it is necessary to look at who, when and where the word was pronounced to find the meaning of a word. The results of this diexist study can be used as teaching materials for elementary school students because it has the potential to be a reference material in understanding the structure of Indonesian

Canada has one of the world’s largest immigrant populations, with one in five people in Canada born outside the country. Among these immigrants, a great majority started their lives in Canada working in entry-level jobs. This study examined the English language use and communication challenges among these new Canadian immigrants in entry-level workplace settings. Fourteen participants were interviewed. The results showed four distinct patterns of categories: topical knowledge, language knowledge, personal attributes, and communication strategies. These patterns of language use and communication challenges were narrated in each workplace where these immigrants survive and thrive using English. This study addresses the research gap of entry-level workplace immigrants in Canada and provides a nuanced understanding through work and life stories in reference to their English language ability.