Abstract
BackgroundBuddleja crispa Benth (Buddlejaceae) is a dense shrub; several species of genus Buddleja have been used in the management of various health conditions including pain and inflammation. The present study was aimed to investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties of B. crispa.MethodsMale rats (220–270 gm,) and mice (25–30 gm) were randomly divided into different groups (n = 6). Various doses of plant extract of B. crispa, its fractions and pure compounds isolated from the plant were administered intraperitoneally (i.p). The analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet activities were assessed using acetic acid and formalin-induced nociception in mice, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and arachidonic acid-induced platelets aggregation tests.ResultsThe intraperitoneal administration of the methanolic extract (50 and 100 mg/kg), hexane fraction (10 and 25 mg/kg i.p) exhibited significant inhibition (P < 0.01) of the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and attenuated formalin-induced reaction time of animals in second phase of the test. Pure compounds BdI-2, BdI-H3 and BH-3 isolated from B. crispa produced significant (P < 0.01) analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced and formalin tests. The crude extract of B. crispa (50–200 mg/kg i.p.) and its hexane fraction inhibited carrageenan-induced rat paw edema with maximum inhibition of 65 and 71 % respectively (P < 0.01). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of the plant extract and isolated pure compounds were comparable to diclofenac sodium. B. crispa plant extract (0.5–2.5 mg/mL) produced significant anti-platelet effect (P < 0.01) with maximum inhibition of 78 % at 2.5 mg/ml.ConclusionThe findings from our present study suggest that B. crispa possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties. B. crispa could serve a potential novel source of compounds effective in pain and inflammatory conditions.
Highlights
Buddleja crispa Benth (Buddlejaceae) is a dense shrub; several species of genus Buddleja have been used in the management of various health conditions including pain and inflammation
Various member of genus Buddleja including B. globase and B. officinalis are used in traditional medicine in the management of pain and inflammatory conditions [2]
Diclofenac sodium, a standard nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, produced similar results, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of B. crispa plant extract against acetic acid induced writhing may have occurred through inhibition of prostaglandins action
Summary
Buddleja crispa Benth (Buddlejaceae) is a dense shrub; several species of genus Buddleja have been used in the management of various health conditions including pain and inflammation. The phytochemical studies on genus Buddleja have revealed the isolation of various natural products, including sterols, aryl esters, triterpenoid glycosides, Bukhari et al BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2016): phenylethanoids [7], flavonoids [8], phenolic fatty acid esters [9] and diterpenes [10]. Some new constituents, such as buddlejoside (iridoid galactoside), buddlejone (sesquiterpene), aryl esters along with known compounds, β-sitosterol and ursolic acid have been isolated from B. crispa [4]
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