Abstract
The physiology of the anus and its surrounding structures is the physiology of continence and controlled defecation. This is a physiology of balance and continuous feedback and complex reflexes. Continence requires balance between the pressure inside the rectum and the combined tone of the internal and external sphincters. This chapter provides an overview of the anatomy, specifically the innervation of the anal complex with regard to how it affects normal and pathologic defecation. The neuro-sensory-motor aspects of the sequences of events of defecation are reviewed. Conditions that result in disordered defecation, pelvic pain, and complications outside the GI system are discussed.
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