Abstract
We evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of bark from Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) Brenan, known as Angico, against Candida spp. Antifungal activity was evaluated using the microdilution technique through the Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicide Concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was tested in mature biofilms formed by Candida species and analyzed through the counting of CFU/mL and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). In vivo toxicity and therapeutic action was evaluated in the Galleria mellonella model. The treatment with the extract, in low doses, was able to reduce the growth of planktonic cells of Candida species. MIC values range between 19.5 and 39 µg/mL and MFC values range between 79 and 625 µg/mL. In addition was able to reduce the number of CFU/mL in biofilms and to cause structural alteration and cellular destruction, observed via SEM. A. colubrina showed low toxicity in the in vivo assay, having not affected the viability of the larvae at doses below 100mg/kg and high potential in the treatment of C. albicans infection. Considering its high antifungal potential, its low toxicity and potential to treatment of infections in in vivo model, A. colubrina extract is a strong candidate for development of a new agent for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Highlights
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species and Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the variety most associated with it
We evaluate antifungal and antibiofilm action in different species of the genus Candida, as well as the toxicity level of the A. colubrina extract, in order for it to be considered as an alternative for treatment of oral candidiasis
A. colubrina extract inhibited the growth of all Candida species tested at 19.5 – 5000 μg/mL range concentrations (Table), and C. albicans exhibited the lowest values of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (19.5 μg/mL)
Summary
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species and Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the variety most associated with it. These changes are related to immunological imbalances in the host.[1,2,3] Candidiasis may be local (mucocutaneous) or systemic, and present in acute, chronic and in association with other types of lesions.[4] C. albicans is part of the oral microbiota and is isolated in approximately 80% of healthy individuals.[2,3] Candidiasis is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, especially Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and cancer patients,[5] with a prevalence of 9 to 31% and 20%, respectively
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