Abstract
Tanaecium Sw. emend L.G. Lohmann (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) is a genus of Neotropical lianas that is morphologically variable, especially in floral features. The genus is distributed from Mexico and the Antilles to Argentina, and centered in Amazonia. Here, we present an updated overview for Tanaecium that recognizes 21 species within the genus. Species delimitation was based on a detailed analysis of protologues and herbarium specimens, including type collections of all taxa. We present a detailed description for the genus and a key for the identification of all species. For each of the 21 species recognized, we present information on the nomenclature, phenology, habitat, distribution, and taxonomic notes. Furthermore, Spathicalyx kuhlmannii J.C. Gomes is transferred into Tanaecium kuhlmannii (J.C. Gomes) Frazão & L.G. Lohmann. A lectotype is proposed for Tanaecium crucigerum Seem.
Highlights
Tanaecium Sw. emend L.G.Lohmann is a monophyletic genus, well supported by molecular characters (Frazão and Lohmann 2018), as well as by subulate and/or bromeliad-like prophylls of the axillary buds, a putative morphological synapomorphy (Lohmann and Taylor 2014)
Species of the genus are lianas or shrubs distributed from Mexico and the Antilles to Argentina (Lohmann and Taylor 2014; Pace et al 2016; Frazão and Lohmann 2018; Kaehler et al 2019)
Additional molecular phylogenetic studies combined with novel morphological observations indicated that Sphingiphila tetramera A.H.Gentry is best placed in Tanaecium, leading to the new combination Tanaecium tetramerum (A.H.Gentry) Zuntini & L.G.Lohmann (Pace et al 2016)
Summary
Tanaecium Sw. emend L.G.Lohmann is a monophyletic genus, well supported by molecular characters (Frazão and Lohmann 2018), as well as by subulate and/or bromeliad-like prophylls of the axillary buds, a putative morphological synapomorphy (Lohmann and Taylor 2014). In addition to the five species originally classified as Tanaecium, twelve species from six previously recognized genera (i.e., Arrabidaea DC., Ceratophytum Pittier, Pseudocatalpa A.H.Gentry, Paragonia Bureau, Periarrabidaea A.Samp, and Spathicalyx J.C.Gomes) were transferred to Tanaecium in a revised generic classification for the whole tribe Bignonieae (Lohmann and Taylor 2014). 17 species of Tanaecium were recognized in the most recent synopsis of the genus (Lohmann and Taylor 2014). Additional molecular phylogenetic studies combined with novel morphological observations indicated that Sphingiphila tetramera A.H.Gentry is best placed in Tanaecium, leading to the new combination Tanaecium tetramerum (A.H.Gentry) Zuntini & L.G.Lohmann (Pace et al 2016). A lectotype is proposed for Tanaecium crucigerum Seem., and the new combination Tanaecium kuhlmannii (J.C.Gomes) Frazão & L.G.Lohmann is proposed to accommodate novel morphological observations and recent phylogenetic findings (Frazão and Lohmann, in prep.)
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