Abstract
Background: Since 2005, 13 facial allotransplantation cases were performed throughout the world. The major indications for facial allotransplantations were neurofibromatosis and trauma injuries including animal bites, burns, falls, and shotgun blasts. The ratio of male to female was 11:2. Two male patients died at 2 months and 2 years after transplantation due to transplant-related problems. The composite tissue allotransplantations included cutaneous, myocutaneous, and osteomyocutaneous components and functional units of nose, eyelids and lips. Most of these were partial, a few near-total, and two were announced as total face transplantations. The analysis of the anatomical details, microsurgical techniques, and the functional outcomes of all cases with follow-up information from literature, meeting presentations and media reports is presented in this chapter.
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