Abstract
Mastitis is one of the diseases with the highest incidence in dairy cows, causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry all over the world. The aim of the study was to characterize mastitic milk metabolome through untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Taking advantage of the high reproducibility of 1H-NMR, we had the opportunity to provide quantitative information for all the metabolites identified. Fifty-four molecules were characterized, sorted mainly into the chemical groups, namely amino acids, peptides and analogues, carbohydrates and derivates, organic acids and derivates, nucleosides, nucleotides and analogues. Combined with serum metabolomic investigations, several pathways were addressed to explain the mechanisms of milk metabolome variation affected by clinical mastitis, such as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. These results provide a further understanding of milk metabolome altered by clinical mastitis, which can be used as a reference for the further milk metabolome investigations.
Highlights
As one of the diseases with the highest incidence and adverse consequences in dairy industry, bovine mastitis has been evaluated continuously from the last century [1]
A potential limit of the work could be represented by the limited number of samples analyzed, even if such number is in line with previous works devoted to the evaluation of the consequences of mastitis on milk metabolome [22,26]
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work devoted to providing quantitative information about dairy cow milk metabolome with/without mastitis by means of untargeted 1H-NMR
Summary
As one of the diseases with the highest incidence and adverse consequences in dairy industry, bovine mastitis has been evaluated continuously from the last century [1]. The negative consequences include the reduction of milk yield and quality, increased treatment costs and cow mortality. Bovine mastitis is considered as the major cause of antibiotics overuse in dairy farms, with many potential adverse effects on consumers [2]. The California mastitis test (CMT) is well known as a rapid and convenient method to estimate milk somatic cell count (SCC) in mastitis diagnosis at farm level [3]. Noninfectious factors (lactation stage, parity, season, milking frequency) can have the opportunity to affect SCC [4]. Additional diagnosis methods would be desirable to elevate the accuracy of bovine mastitis detection
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