An Uncommon Association of Kallmann Syndrome and Arachnoid Cysts: A Case Report

Abstract

Objective − To present a rare case of Kallmann syndrome associated with arachnoid cysts, and to emphasize the importance of correlation of radiological analysis with anamnestic data and clinical findings. Case Report − Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in combination with a defect in the sense of smell. We report the case of KS in a 17-year old male. The patient presented with an absence of secondary sexual characteristics and anosmia. On the basis of anamnestic data, clinical findings and hormonal assay diagnosis of KS was likely but additional diagnostic workup, such as laboratory tests, karyotyping, scrotal and abdominal ultrasound, bone mineral density and X-ray of the wrist, were made to ensure the correct diagnosis. Brain MRI showed a morphologically normal pituitary gland, an arachnoid cyst on the right temporal lobe, a right frontal arachnoid cyst and hypoplastic olfactory bulbs. Androgen replacement with testosterone was started to induce virilisation. Our patient is now on regular follow-up to monitor his response to treatment. Conclusion − Kallmann syndrome is a condition characterized by delayed or absent puberty and an impaired sense of smell. This is the sixth reported case of KS associated with arachnoid cysts. Due to the rarity of both KS and arachnoid cysts, it is difficult to establish a relationship between these two conditions. Early diagnosis of this syndrome is important to ensure a better quality of life.