Abstract
AbstractTextile industries play a crucial role in Indian economy and also cause serious issues on environmental pollution. The demand of colors, fade-resistant garments, and other hue products are increasing in day-to-day lifestyle, triggering the blooming of dyeing industries. These factories utilize colossal volume of water and various chemical substances for dyeing process and release toxic organic pollutants such as organic azo-dyes, surfactants, and phenolic compounds with effluent to the environment which severely disturb the natural balance and affect all forms of living beings. Higher concentration of colored compounds in the effluent mixed with surface water reduces the flow of sunlight and prevents the photosynthetic process of aquatic vegetation. Also, it affects the fertility of agricultural land and health impacts in human and animals. The changes in physicochemical nature of surface and underground water quality due to textile effluent lead to water crisis. Conventional treatment methods are expensive and not sufficient in efficient removal of organic pollutants from the wastewater. Thus, economically and ecologically safe approaches are needed for the treatment of textile industry effluent to prevent and conserve natural resources without affecting the growth of this sector. In this chapter, eco-friendly techniques such as bioremediation, phytoremediation, coagulation process by natural coagulants, and biogenic nanomaterials applied for the removal of organic pollutants from the textile effluent are elaborately discussed.KeywordsTextile effluentOrganic wastesToxicityBiological techniques
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