Abstract
Advanced wastewater treatment processes are required to implement wastewater reuse in agriculture or industry, the efficient removal of targeted priority and emerging organic & inorganic pollutants being compulsory (due to their eco-toxicological and human health effects, bio-accumulative, and degradation characteristics). Various processes such as membrane separations, adsorption, advanced oxidation, filtration, disinfection may be used in combination with one or more conventional treatment stages, but technical and environmental criteria are important to assess their application. Natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes combined with some inorganic materials or other organic or inorganic polymers create new materials (composites) that are currently used in sorption of toxic pollutants. The recent developments on the synthesis and characterization of composites based on polyelectrolytes, divided according to their macroscopic shape—beads, core-shell, gels, nanofibers, membranes—are discussed, and a correlation of their actual structure and properties with the adsorption mechanisms and removal efficiencies of various pollutants in aqueous media (priority and emerging pollutants or other model pollutants) are presented.
Highlights
Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) face great challenges in optimizing technologies to avoid ecological and human health problems and to ensure environmental sustainability, in direct correlation with the increased pollution due to economic and social growth, wastewater quality discharged into surface waters and climate changes
The authors showed that adding acetone to the composite membrane mixture, the Cu2+ sorption capacity increased by 50%
This study discussed about the multiple synthesis approaches utilized in creation of different types of composite materials based on polyelectrolytes with subsequent application in pollutants removal from synthetic/waste/surface waters
Summary
Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) face great challenges in optimizing technologies to avoid ecological and human health problems and to ensure environmental sustainability, in direct correlation with the increased pollution due to economic and social growth, wastewater quality discharged into surface waters and climate changes. Industrial activities are responsible for the discharge of effluents with a wide range of inorganic and organic compounds that belong to the priority (PPs) and emerging pollutants (EPs) classes, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides, heavy metals, detergents, flame-retardants being only few examples of such pollutants. Through their presence, eco-toxicological and human health effects, bio-accumulative and degradation characteristics may influence aquatic biota and the performances and costs of water and wastewater treatment technologies [1].
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