Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne hemibiotrophic fungus that can lead to plant vascular disease and significant economic loss worldwide. Its hosts include over 400 dicotyledon plant species, such as annual herbs, perennials, and woody plants. The average yield loss of cotton crop caused by Verticillium wilt is approximately 10–35%. As the control of this disease is an urgent task for many countries, further understanding of the interaction between plants and V. dahliae is essential. Fungi can promote or inhibit plant growth, which is important; however, the most important relationship between plants and fungi is the host–pathogen relationship. Plants can become resistant to V. dahliae through diverse mechanisms such as cell wall modifications, extracellular enzymes, pattern recognition receptors, transcription factors, and salicylic acid (SA)/jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-related signal transduction pathways. Over the last decade, several studies on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to V. dahliae have been undertaken. In this review, many resistance-related genes are summarised to provide a theoretical basis for better understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of plant resistance to V. dahliae. Moreover, it is intended to serve as a resource for research focused on the development of genetic resistance mechanisms to combat Verticillium wilt.
Highlights
The soil-borne hemibiotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae can cause refractory vascular Verticillium wilt in a wide range of crops worldwide due to its highly aggressive pathogenicity and production of melanised dormant structures called microsclerotia, which can survive for several years in the soil [1]
Resistance-related genes can be explored from various perspectives such as extracellular enzymes, the cell wall, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), transcription factors, and salicylic acid (SA)/jasmonic acid (JA)/ET-related signal transduction pathways
We summarised the genes related to V. dahliae resistance in plants on the basis of extracellular enzymes, cell walls, PRRs, transcription factors, and SA/JA/ET-related signal transduction pathways
Summary
The soil-borne hemibiotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae can cause refractory vascular Verticillium wilt in a wide range of crops worldwide due to its highly aggressive pathogenicity and production of melanised dormant structures called microsclerotia, which can survive for several years in the soil [1]. The toxin produced by V. dahliae is an acidic protein–lipopol strong, causing water imbalance in the plant and signs such as leaf wilting and yellowing, which complex [11]. It can seriously damage the metabolism of the plant body, fix carb eventually leads to plant death [8]. Current research indicates that toxin production is the Subsequently, plants induce pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered im main cause of plant wilting [2,13]. Plants induce pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity by immune defences have been described as a ‘zigzag’ model, in which many genes are invo recognizing pathogens using cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Some key findings and resistance-related genes are summarised to provide a theoretical basis to further understand the molecular genetic mechanisms of plant resistance to V. dahliae
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