Abstract
In a wider understanding, shared mobility can be defined as trip alternatives that aim to maximize the utilization of the mobility resources that a society can pragmatically afford, disconnecting their usage from ownership. Then, shared mobility is the short-term access to shared vehicles according to the user’s needs and convenience. The contributions and added value of this paper are to provide an up-to-date and well-structured review on the area of shared mobility to researchers and practitioners of the transport sector. Hence, this paper presents a bibliographical review of shared mobility and its diverse modalities, as an alternative to individual transportation, especially in cases of individual automobiles or short trips restricted to an urban city. The present literature review on shared modes of transportation has discovered that the introduction of these modes alone will not solve transportation problems in large cities, with elevated and growing motorization rates. However, it can among the strategies employed to help alleviate the problems caused by traffic jams and pollution by reducing the number of vehicles in circulation, congestions, and the urban emission of polluting gases. Thus, the implementation of shared mobility schemes offers the potential to enhance the efficiency, competitiveness, social equity, and quality of life in cities. This paper covers the fundamental aspects of vehicle and/or ride sharing in urban centers, and provides an overview of current shared mobility systems.
Highlights
The 21st century is increasingly concerned with the environment and with the social problems caused by the indiscriminate use of natural resources, the absence of urban planning, and the deteriorating quality of life for inhabitants of large cities
Experts on urban mobility agree that we are living in an era of shared mobility due to the advent of alternative transportation services which offer the possibility of major changes [8,9,10]
The concept of sharing is developing rapidly and becoming more common around the world. It is enabling the number of private vehicles per family to decrease, and creating a new mentality in which users renounce ownership of a vehicle and use shared transportation services according to their convenience
Summary
The 21st century is increasingly concerned with the environment and with the social problems caused by the indiscriminate use of natural resources, the absence of urban planning, and the deteriorating quality of life for inhabitants of large cities. An alternative stance is concerned with services, which can be observed in the growing popularity of short-term rental systems (based on hours, days or weeks) of vehicles (e.g., cars-Zipcar and Car2Go, bikes-Motivate), lodging and housing (cohousing–e.g., Airbnb), work spaces (coworking–e.g., Impact Hub), etc In this context, the concept of a sharing economy emerges as a new paradigm that enables access to goods and services beyond ownership. According to the World Bank [5], by 2050, the equivalent of 2/3rds of the projected global population (about 5.4 billion people) will live in urban areas, and the number of vehicles on the road will double, to reach 2 billion While these changes have benefitted many individuals, they have created difficulties such as increased traffic jams and the environmental deterioration of urban areas, and have led to dispersed patterns of development in suburban and rural areas, making them increasingly difficult to serve via public transportation.
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