Abstract
Transporting crude oil from upstream production operations downstream for refining consumes significant energy as the solubility of heavy hydrocarbons decreases at low temperatures. The viscosity of crude oil increases as temperature diminishes, resulting in rheological changes in the oil. Consequently, natural flow improvers are utilized as an alternative to the costly conventional treatments that promote the changes by mitigating the accumulation on the pip walls. The presence of functional groups in natural vegetable oils employed as flow improvers notably contributes to interactions with the heavy components in crude oil. Natural additives, such as vegetable oils, also offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to reducing viscosity and improving flow in cold environments. The present study provided an overview of significant functional groups in natural additive enhancers and their impacts on the fluidity of crude oil reported by previous studies.
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