Abstract
The molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) have shown their potential in various applications including pharmaceuticals, chemical sensing and biosensing, medical diagnosis, and environmental related issues, owing to their artificial selective biomimetic recognition ability. Despite the challenges posed in the imprinting and recognition of biomacromolecules, the use of MIP for the imprinting of large biomolecular oragnism such as viruses is of huge interest because of the necessity of early diagnosis of virus-induced diseases for clinical and point-of-care (POC) purposes. Thus, many fascinating works have been documented in which such synthetic systems undoubtedly explore a variety of potential implementations, from virus elimination, purification, and diagnosis to virus and bacteria-borne disease therapy. This study is focused comprehensively on the fabrication strategies and their usage in many virus-imprinted works that have appeared in the literature. The drawbacks, challenges, and perspectives are also highlighted.
Highlights
Viruses are not always the harmful species as they do offer many useful possibilities in biomedical and bionanotechnological applications, anti-microbial agents, synthesis of vaccine, preparation of food materials
Binding assays conducted in PBS with the inclusion of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were capable of binding up to 97% of the incubated virus as compared to just 5% binding on non-imprinted particles
We have summarized several recent achievements and efforts in advancing bioinspired imprinted polymers for virus identification in this work
Summary
Viruses are not always the harmful species as they do offer many useful possibilities in biomedical and bionanotechnological applications, anti-microbial agents, synthesis of vaccine, preparation of food materials. Many efforts have been carried out for increasing access to the de-contaminated water Some useful methods such as thermal treatment, UV irradiation, and chlorination have significantly used to ensure the availability of safe drinking water. Handling of some methods employing antibodies poses vital issues stemming from the poor stability, short clearance time, and cross-reactivity Another problem lies in the enormous size of the target and its delicate self-assembled framework in the design of synthetic virus recognition systems [13,14,15]. We have seen efforts where attempts are made to prepare and detect protein imprinted polymers successfully albeit by tailoring the synthesis protocols to suit the assays Due to their huge size and more intricate surface and spatial configuration, the result is highly cross-linked polymeric matrix and weaker rebinding performance. From the viewpoint of material synthesis and its implementations in viral diagnostic procedures in the near future, the current problems and developmental needs of MIP strategies for virus imprinting are highlighted
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