Abstract
The deduction of the categories lies undoubtedly at the very heart of Kant's theoretical philosophy and, for this reason, it is one of items in the philosophical canon that is greatly discussed and least agreed upon. In the modern and contemporary Western philosophical tradition as well as in Kant’s literature, the loci classici for its consideration are the 1781 and 1787 editions of the Critique of pure reason. In this paper, I aim at presenting and discussing an argument that Kant advances in the Prolegomena and which is virtually ignored in the approach of the deduction of the categories. At first, an inquiry into the distinction between analytic and synthetic methods is carried out. After that, the difference between judgments of perception and judgments of experience is taken into account. Finally, the Prolegomena’s argument for the categories is brought into discussion.
Highlights
Resumo: É indiscutível que a dedução das categorias compreende o núcleo da filosofia teórica kantiana
I aim at presenting and discussing an argument that Kant advances in the Prolegomena and which is virtually ignored in the approach of the deduction of the categories
The difference between judgments of perception and judgments of experience is taken into account
Summary
It is true that the discovery of a two-way procedure of argumentation is not Kant’s own making. What must be emphasized is the distinction between inquiring into the sources of reason and its principles and the act of going backward to these sources from something that is “already known to be dependable” Kant says that the former is carried out in the Critique and describes it as proceeding synthetically, “[...] so that the science might present all of its articulations, as the structural organization of a quite peculiar faculty of cognition, in their natural connection”. If philosophy deals with a priori and extended cognitions, it must follow a synthetic method at the very first ground of their justification.[16] It will be worth considering, in the following two sections, why and how Kant attempted at fulfilling the task of the deduction of the categories within the analytic method of the Prolegomena. This will lead us to the presentation and discussion of an argument for the deduction of the categories which seems to be unnoticed in its approach
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