Abstract
This study describes and reports, for the first time, an outbreak of dermatophilosis that occurred concurrently with caseous lymphadenitis involving two camel herds (Camelus dromedaries) in north Jordan. The affected animals were part of two herds comprising 52 Arabian camels in herd 1 and 65 camels in herd 2. The age of infected camels ranged from 18 months to 5 years. Pus and skin scab samples were aseptically collected and bacteriologically examined. Affected camels were treated by long-acting oxytetracycline injection in a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight every 48 hours for three successive treatments, and local antiseptic and antibiotic cutaneous spray treatment for five successive days. The main clinical signs on affected camels were skin dermatitis and abscess formation. The isolated organisms were Dermatophilus congolensis and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were the causative agents of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis, respectively. Other organisms were isolated from skin abscesses, including α-hemolytic streptococci, hemolytic E. coli, Actinomyces pyogenes, and S. aureus. The affected camels were rapidly and effectively cured by the above-mentioned treatment protocol. No mortality was recorded. Introducing purchased camels from animal auctions without pre-examination and keeping camels in over-crowded small barns under cold, humid, and rainy conditions during winter may predispose the eruption of mixed infection of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis. Treatment by long-acting oxytetracycline injection with local antiseptic and antibiotic cutaneous spray can control such infection. A survey on camel herds raised near Jordan's borders is needed to monitor the possibility of emerging infectious disease.
Highlights
This study describes and reports, for the first time, an outbreak of dermatophilosis that occurred concurrently with caseous lymphadenitis involving two camel herds (Camelus dromedaries) in north Jordan
Dermatophilosis, called mycotic dermatitis or streptothricosis, is a contagious zoonotic skin disease, an acute or chronic exudative epidermatitis caused by a pleomorphic Gram-positive, aerobic Actinomyces bacterium called Dermatophilus congolensis [1,2]
This study describes a mixed infection outbreak of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis in camels in Jordan
Summary
This study describes and reports, for the first time, an outbreak of dermatophilosis that occurred concurrently with caseous lymphadenitis involving two camel herds (Camelus dromedaries) in north Jordan. The isolated organisms were Dermatophilus congolensis and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were the causative agents of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis, respectively. Conclusions: Introducing purchased camels from animal auctions without pre-examination and keeping camels in over-crowded small barns under cold, humid, and rainy conditions during winter may predispose the eruption of mixed infection of dermatophilosis and caseous lymphadenitis. Treatment by long-acting oxytetracycline injection with local antiseptic and antibiotic cutaneous spray can control such infection. Dermatophilosis, called mycotic dermatitis or streptothricosis, is a contagious zoonotic skin disease, an acute or chronic exudative epidermatitis caused by a pleomorphic Gram-positive, aerobic Actinomyces bacterium called Dermatophilus congolensis [1,2]. Experimental infection with D. congolensis isolated from cattle has been described in camels, cattle, goats, sheep, donkeys, and rabbits [13,14]. Camel dermatophilosis has been reported in Kenya, Sudan and Saudi Arabia [16], United Arab Emirates [17], Egypt [18], Ethiopia [19], Iran [20], India [21], and Belgium [5]
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