An Organizational Framework for Logistic Platform and its Subtypes in a Search for More Logistically Attractive Regions

This article presents the key issues of analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of investments in the development of logistics systems with the correct and appropriate use of budgetary funds. In many ways, the success of the enterprise's performance is associated with the levels of quality, organization and efficiency of the movement of material flows, which in turn depends on the use of the logistic method in the course of managing the production, supply and marketing processes of the company. In the transition to the production and logistics system, one of the important conditions is that the majority of Kazakhstani enterprises have the necessary modern and updated funds. In solving this problem, the best means is to attract investments in the absence of the necessary sources of financing. The article shows theoretical and practical methods for evaluating the effectiveness of investments in the development of logistics systems. However, it is important to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of investments in logistics systems to ensure that they bring the desired results. When evaluating the effectiveness of investments in logistics systems, it is important to consider the objectives of the investment. This may include reducing costs, improving customer service, or improving efficiency. Once the investment objectives have been set, the success of the investment needs to be measured. In general, the analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of investments in the development of logistics systems in Kazakhstan is essential to ensure the success of the country's economic growth. By evaluating the impact of investment on a country's GDP, employment and other economic indicators, as well as the return on investment, it is possible to determine the effectiveness of investments and ensure the most efficient and effective use of investments.

Introduction. In modern conditions, characterized by further reorientation of foreign trade relations in the direction of integration of the national economy into the European environment, the issue of assessing the effectiveness of logistics management at the enterprise level and at the level of Ukraine as a whole is becoming increasingly important. The integration of the world economy, the development of transport networks and the world market of logistics services, the deepening of the international division of labor – all this indicates the need to study the state of development of the logistics system. In the current conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, in the field of trade, only those who have been able to adapt to the remote form of work, in which the logistics system is decisive, have a chance to survive. Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the state of logistics in Ukraine as a system and determine its properties for management both at the macro level – the company and at the macro level – in Ukraine as a whole, as well as analysis of the dynamics of the logistics system of Ukraine according to LPI. Method (methodology). Both theoretical and practical research methods were used to analyze this topic. In particular, at the first stage the analysis and synthesis of views of scientists on the logistics system and its properties were used. At the second stage – statistical methods of analysis and forecasting, extrapolation, which makes it possible to determine the prospects for the development of Ukraine's logistics system in the future. Next – is the formation of personal conclusions and recommendations based on the analysis. Results. The key results of the study are to determine the main characteristics of the management of the properties of the logistics system. The state of logistics system management in Ukraine has been studied, there is a tendency to decrease the share of railway transport, increase the share of road transport. The LPI Logistics Efficiency Index, used by World Bank specialists, is analyzed and its significance for future periods is predicted. Prospects for the development of the logistics system in Ukraine have been identified.

Dissipative structure theory is one of the three new modern theories. In recent years, the theory is demonstrating a promising in social and economic areas. In this paper analyses are conducted on entropy, effect of entropy increasing, and dissipative structure features in logistics system, based on entropy theory and dissipative structure theory. Finally, an entropy differentiation model is set up to analyze the stability of operation and development of logistics system. A simple calculation is also given in this paper. The above finding may provide new study idea for effective management of scientific logistics system.

The objective of this study is to analyze the barriers that have affected the development of Vietnam's logistics system during the period of 2015-2021 and propose solutions for the future growth of the country's logistics industry. To achieve the above goals, the authors conducted a comprehensive literature review of the barriers to Vietnam's logistics system. We then used content analysis to extract the necessary data for the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) and the Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification method (MICMAC). The research results indicate that barriers related to customs procedures and infrastructure investment capital, and accessibility of logistics enterprises to governmental capital were the most crucial barriers to the development of Vietnam's logistics system from 2015 to 2021.

Organizational support stages of developing a qualitatively new logistic systems for machine-building enterprises are defined in the article. It is noted that today, due to the financial and economic crisis, the machine-building complex of Ukraine is in a rather stagnant position and requires the introduction of effective economic management methods that would allow to increase the efficiency of movement of materials, financial and information flows, reduce the costs of material and technical and raw materials supply and maximize consumers satisfaction with delivered products. It is stated that the machine-building complex of Ukraine consists of 20 specialized industries and 58 sub-branches and represents all types of mechanical engineering existing today. 11245 enterprises are represented in the structure of machine-building complex, 145 of which are large, 1878 are medium-sized and 9222 are small. Approximately 1.5 million workers are employed in mechanical engineering. Thus it is a powerful effective mechanism that requires new approaches to the organization of logistics activities at machine-building enterprises and the formation of qualitatively new logistics systems. The author defines the logistic system of the machine-building enterprise. The existing stages of creation and development of logistic system at the machine-building enterprise and the main resources of machine-building enterprises’ development are determined. It is stated that the same resources are the basis for the creation of an efficient, qualitatively new, logistic system of machine-building enterprises, since only in the interaction of these factors it is possible to achieve the main objective of logistic activity on the basis of the following prerequisites – the necessary products, the required quality, in the required quantity, delivered in time to getting to destination with minimal cost. The factors (indicators) for evaluating the most common logistics systems’ efficiency criteria are presented. The conducted research of the existing methods of formation of logistic systems at the enterprises of mechanical engineering and resources for their creation, made it possible to conclude the necessity of determining the organizational support stages of developing qualitatively new logistic systems of the mechanical engineering enterprises. The organizational support of forming a qualitatively new logistic systems for machine-building enterprises is offered, allowing to integrate regulation and control of all types of logistic flows of machine-building enterprises in order to achieve their main goal – profit maximization.

With the globalization and integration of world economy, the forwarders and service providers in logistics industry face more and more challenges to collaborate and cooperate together to optimize the shipment plan and minimize the logistics cost. Building a logistics service platform for the whole logistics industry becomes an urgent task. This paper analyzes the development of logistics platform and points out the problems in the existing logistics systems and platforms. After the identification of key components of logistics platform, the paper proposes a framework for a logistics service platform. Its implementation and benefits for service practices are briefly discussed.

It has been established that modern conditions of economic instability are characterized by rapid changes in demand, supply, and other business parameters, forcing enterprises to seek new solutions to ensure their competitiveness. The necessity of flexible logistics systems management has been proven, allowing for adaptation to new challenges, enhancing the effectiveness of management practices, and ensuring sustainable business development. Theoretical approaches to developing logistics systems play a crucial role in addressing these tasks, particularly by implementing innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and automation. The development of logistics systems is characterized as a complex and multidimensional task that requires flexibility, innovation, and sustainability to overcome economic risks. A logistics system structure is presented, including the main objective, core idea, goals, functions, principles, and the primary aim within the context of international logistics systems. The main directions for decision-making in conditions of economic instability are discussed, including risk and uncertainty analysis, resource and asset diversification, cost reduction, process optimization, flexible planning, innovation, digitalization, and a focus on resilience. The proposed theoretical approaches to developing logistics systems as adaptive, innovative, risk-oriented, customer-focused, and cooperative− contribute to effective functioning and adaptation in a rapidly changing economic environment. It has been demonstrated that important directions for ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of businesses include: firstly, the adaptability of logistics systems to unstable conditions, which entails their ability to respond quickly to changes in market situations, economic crises, fluctuations in demand, and other external factors; and secondly, the integration of innovative technologies into local processes (digital platforms for monitoring; the use of big data; automation and robotics). Keywords: adaptability, economic instability, efficiency, logistics system, development, management, enterprise.

Information is a key element in this local logistic system, which goes through the whole process of logistics. The General Logistic System can only turn into a real modern one when the information is collected, processed, analyzed and integrated in an efficient and timely way. There is an urgent need to build a Common Logistic Information System, a sub--system of the logistic system in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi, to achieve the transfer and sharing of logistic information on the local logistic information platform. This study begins with the interrelation of the local logistics and local economy and analyzes the current situation and trend of logistics and logistic information system of Guangxi Province. Based upon the function location of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi, we present the building objective and building principle of the Common Logistic Information Systems in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi. Further, we propose the Conceptual Model of Common Logistic Information Systems in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi, including the Model of Space Layer Layout according to different functions; we describe the model of system structure of the Common Logistic Information Systems in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi and the function model for this system's functions. This conceptual model will provide a necessary framework for the construction of the Common Information Systems in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone of Guangxi.

Development of the logistics system of urban public passenger transport

The study focuses on issues of organization and improvement of logistics activities of enterprises in the production sector of the national economy. The relevance of the tasks of forming an effective logistics system capable of ensuring the optimal and rational (in terms of time and financial and economic characteristics) movement of goods, material, information, personnel and other assets and values of business entities is revealed. On this basis, the purpose of the research is to justify the systematic approach to the development of logistics of production enterprises. New approaches and solutions in the field of organization and improvement of logistics systems of domestic enterprises in the production sectors of the national economy are defined and characterized. The prospects of further development and work on the construction of more rational and effective logistics systems of enterprises of the real sector of the national economy are indicated. It has been proven that the systematic approach allows to ensure a significantly higher efficiency of logistics management of enterprises of the production sector of the national economy, as it allows a comprehensive approach to the solution of the entire spectrum of tasks in this area. It is additionally argued that the system approach allows to combine and, therefore, to create a single system of elements of management of the processes of formation and development of logistics systems in business, in particular in the real sector of the national economy. It was concluded that the following tasks (elements of the management system) of the system for the development of logistics of the industrial enterprise should be identified and clearly outlined: understanding the significance of the logistics system; outlining the significance of managing the physical distribution of products/services and information; identification of general perspectives of the company's logistics system; standardization of the customer and business partner service system; selection of methods of transportation and storage of products / services, storage, analysis, processing of information; standardization of the inventory management and control system; processing of orders, adjustment of functioning of information systems; reviewing the logistics strategy. It was determined that the construction of a full-fledged logistics system of a production enterprise involves taking into account such components as, firstly, management activities; secondly, the logistics factors used; third, logistics results; fourth, activities that are closely related to logistics. At the center of such a system is the influence and interaction between suppliers and buyers, as well as the passage of the stages of the production and sales processes of products - from the supply of raw materials to full settlements with the end consumer.

The evolutionary development of the technological basis of the logistics system is investigated. The analysis of the term “logistics system” is carried out from both general scientific and applied points of view. It is concluded that the management of the logistics system is aimed at optimizing the functioning of the entire set of its elements, i.e. the management of the logistics system is based on a systematic approach. Classifications of logistics systems are considered for various reasons: hierarchy level / scope scale; type of logistics chains used; type of structure; sequence of resource transfer. A new classification feature of logistics systems is proposed – a type of technological basis that reveals the impact of digital transformation on the development of logistics systems. The continuity between the technological foundations of the logistics system, which consists in the progressive development of technologies, is noted: some of the technologies that are already outdated, lose their importance and are not used, and they are replaced by new digital solutions. In the modern economy, logistics systems at different levels of the hierarchy are being transformed, hybrid logistics systems are actively being formed, combining the use of mechanized, automated and digital technologies, which contributes to a more complete integration of business processes within the logistics system.

The object of the research is the processes of formation of logistics systems of pharmacy chains. The important directions of their formation and development are the determination of the optimal size of the network (the number of retail outlets) and territorial distribution (location of pharmacies and pharmacy points). When solving these problems, it is necessary to take into account factors external to logistic systems: demographic, economic, social, and the like. It has been substantiated that the group of demographic factors can include the number and density of the population, the number of pensioners, the birth rate, etc. Economic factors are characterized by indicators of the level of income of the population, the volume of retail trade (including pharmacy) per capita, the intensity of competition, the development of transport infrastructure, etc. The main social factors influencing the formation and development of logistics systems of pharmacy chains are the standard of living of the population, employment of the able-bodied population, the number of medical and preventive institutions in the territory covered by the pharmacy network. Based on the results of the study of the influence of environmental factors on the formation and development of logistics systems of pharmacy chains, a methodology for assessing the spatial and quantitative parameters of logistics systems of pharmacy chains was developed, which provides for the sequential execution of operations at the national, regional and local levels and allows you to determine promising markets for the development of a pharmacy chain (spatial characteristics of logistics systems), choose the most appropriate option for the location of the pharmacy chain; to determine the optimal number of outlets in logistics systems in local and regional markets, taking into account the internal potential of the network, as well as the size of the pharmacy chain as a whole – at the national level (quantitative characteristics of the logistics systems of pharmacy chains).

The article analyses the preconditions for shaping and developing the concept of a green economy. The stages of the evolutionary development of the circular economy are considered: work with waste; environmental performance strategies; maximum conservation in the era of resource depletion. Having analysed the scientific opinions on the emergence of “circular economy”, the paper has found out that this concept is identified with the terms “round economy”, “cyclical economy”, “recovery economy”, “closed-cycle economy”, “green economy”. The approaches of different scientific schools to the category of “circular economy” are analysed and conventionally systematized into 12 groups: closed-cycle economy; renewable resource economy; alternative to traditional linear economy; global economic model; closed-loop economic system based on R-principles; the concept of economic development; sustainable development strategy; a "green" economy instrument; business philosophy; economic activity; use of production waste; recycling of secondary raw materials. There is proposed the authors' formulation of the circular economy as an innovative approach to organizing logistics processes based on the closed movement of resources with their minimum losses in the form of waste and the maximum involvement of secondary resources in production in order to achieve sustainable development of logistics systems. The article identifies the barriers preventing the implementation of the circular economy concept, among them being regulatory, institutional, economic, financial and investment, market, technological, informational, and cultural. The article considers the best practices of effective implementation of circular economy solutions on the example of Finland. The indicators of the development of the green technologies market in the world and the national logistics system of Ukraine under conditions of a circular economy are analysed. It has been established that many conceptual approaches to the definition of the terms “green logistics” and “environmental logistics” are generally accepted and have a broader meaning, without taking into account the functioning specificity of various spheres of economic activity, including transport and logistics. Scientific views on interpreting the essence and content of the concept "green logistics" are generalized. It is proposed to consider the term "green logistics" from three angles: a circular economy instrument; a component of business corporate social responsibility; and a type of economic activity aimed at reducing the negative impact on the ecosystem and the environment. In order to effectively implement the concept of green logistics, an organizational and economic mechanism has been developed, the main elements of which are: diagnostics of the current state, features and trends in the logistics systems' development, taking into account the environmental component; exogenous and endogenous factors affecting the development of logistics systems; risks in organizing the processes of logistics activities; subjects and objects of management, goals, objectives, principles, functions, tools, methods, management tools, information technology, criteria. The priority principles of forming an organizational and economic mechanism include consistency, integration, reliability, dynamism, compliance with the goals of sustainable development, and efficiency. A structural diagram of forming an organizational and economic mechanism for implementing the concept of green logistics is proposed, including the following blocks: management of material resources’ supplies and purchases; products manufacturing; warehousing and stocks; logistic flows; the risks of logistics activities; logistics service processes; recycling of waste; innovation and transformations. Introduction of the proposed organizational and economic mechanism will reduce the cost of managing the movement of logistics flows and increase the level of environmental safety. This is one of the most important requirements for implementing the concept of business corporate social responsibility in a circular economy.

Within the global scenario, where the production has been fragmented in very distant locations, the attention has been placed on logistics and intermodality. The increasing flow of goods needs, indeed, a more efficient and effective logistics system, which requires logistics platforms located in strategic areas. These platforms, nevertheless, produce negative impacts on the areas where they are settled. Within this context, the present paper aims at critically analyzing the preliminary plan of the Leixoes logistics platform, specifically the Gatoes Guifoes logistics node, in the Porto metropolitan area, in order to investigate how the following issues have been tackled: mobility, the relationship of the area with the patterns of the location system, the relationships with the environmental protection zones bordering the southern part of the logistics node. On the basis of this close scrutiny, some planning hypotheses have been put forward. These hypotheses aim to modify some patterns of the planning settlement layout, leaving the overall layout as it is. The Gatoes Guifoes logistics node represents an interesting case study because it is located in an area hosting scattered and medium sized settlements, which are typical of the “urbanized countryside”, with a dense network of different routes and with environmental protection areas. This paper underlines that the logistics platforms’ topic can/may become a planning, urban design and architecture topic. The logistics platforms are “mega-facilities” with functional peculiarities, which generate negative effects (social, economic, environmental) on the territory. The mitigation of such negative externalities, and the related compensation measures might be studied by the territorial scientists, the planners and become a relevant subject for the policy makers, too. Specifically, the so-called “sustainable integration” of the logistics structures is a topic involving both architectural and urban design expertise. The paper is structured into five sections. The introduction is followed by a short description of the logistics system in Portugal and of the National Logistics Plan. Section 3 is dedicated to the description of the Leixoes platform preliminary project and Section 4 focuses on the critical analysis of such a project and on the planning alternatives. Conclusions follow.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the formation and development of the logistics system in Belarus. The position of the country in the world ranking of logistics development, the advantages and disadvantages that create opportunities and threats for the functioning of supply chains in the Republic of Belarus are noted. It is established that the developed legal framework for managing the evolving logistics sector acts as an organizational and economic basis for improving the economic activities of Belarusian producers and a tool for optimizing flow processes. Special attention is paid to the role of logistics in the country’s counteraction to economic sanctions. It is identified that changes in market conditions, production and technological processes and directions of movement of logistics flows require the harmonization of the system based on internal reserves and the development of the logistics network as a mechanism for activating of foreign trade and foreign economic relations, the improving the quality of logistics services.