An ivory statuette depicting the god Thanatos discovered near Tomis (Moesia Inferior)

Phenology of Caryocar brasiliense in the Brazilian cerrado region

Stiff clays forming part of natural slopes contain rough cracks. Very little is known about the influence of the roughness of the cracks on the strength of these materials and on the way the cracks propagate in them. This study reports the results of a laboratory investigation on fissured clays subjected to uniaxial compression and direct shear stress conditions. For the uniaxial compression tests, prismatic samples of kaolinite clay measuring 7.6 cm in height and width, and 2.54 cm in thickness were used. For the direct shear tests the prismatic samples tested measured 12.70 cm in width, 11.4 cm in height, and 3.17 cm in thickness. The cracks in the samples were made by inserting and removing thin metallic sheets that were either planar or have a stepped form. The laboratory test results indicated that: (1) the samples with rough (stepped) cracks had higher uniaxial compressive and shear strengths than the samples that have planar cracks; and (2) the higher the amplitude of the rough cracks, the higher were the uniaxial and the shear strengths measured in the samples. Thus, the roughness of cracks has a large influence on the compressive and shear strengths of fissured clays.

Objectives Perceptions existed about epilepsy in the ancient Greco-Roman civilization, which is referred to as the primordial age of modern medicine. This study was conducted to explore the ideas of the ancient Greeks and Romans about epilepsy through an investigation of relevant myths that reflected their culture. Methods We used the keywords ‘Greek mythology,’ ‘epilepsy,’ ‘seizure,’ ‘Roman mythology,’ and ‘myth’ in English and Korean to search Google and PubMed for information on epilepsy and seizures in Greek and Roman mythology. Results The ancient Greeks regarded epilepsy as a "sacred disease," and considered it to be a punishment caused by the curses of various gods, especially the goddess of the moon, Selene or Artemis. The story of Cydippe deals with the illness caused by the curse of the goddess of the moon, and the features depicted in the story resemble the symptoms of epilepsy. Furthermore, the stories of Pythia, Hyacinthus, and Hercules seem to be metaphors for the symptoms of epilepsy. Conclusions The descriptions of epilepsy and seizures in Greco-Roman myths are diverse, and can be thought of as an accumulation of the ancients' perceptions and experiences of epilepsy. This can be interpreted from a medical point of view as underscoring the significance of epilepsy and seizures. Key words: Epilepsy; Seizure; Greek mythology; Roman mythology; Myth.

The contributions of mythical older adult figures to today’s vocabulary and literature were studied by assessing the perception of aging in the axis of older adult characters in Greek and Roman mythology. The narratives about older individuals and old age were studied using the “discourse analysis” approach, and the profound effects of ideas and perceptions in mythology today were explored. Aside from those shown as physically collapsed, unhappy, and dirty, as in the Geras example, Greek and Roman mythology is rich in images of aged people; there are also individuals such as Mentor, Silenus, and Chiron who are regarded to be knowledgeable, skilled, and experienced wise men. Furthermore, characters like Tithonus, Proteus, and Mentor, whose traits inspired and contributed terminologically to numerous fields such as medicine, nursing, psychology, and educational sciences, are crucial in illustrating mythology’s contributions to the modern age. Older adult characters in Greek and Roman mythology, such as Tiresias and Sbyl, rose to prominence due to their prophetic powers, demonstrating the link between old age and prophetic ability. In Greek and Roman mythology, older adult characters exhibit a wide range of complex qualities. For this reason, the older adults figures and discourse in Greek and Roman mythology contributed significantly to the studies of aging and scientific literature and revealed the origins of the aging perception in several ways. Examining this mythical discourse reveals its contributions to scientific language and the traces left in social memory.

Aspectos morfológicos y térmicos del nido de Aspidoscelis costata en Guerrero, México

MSRox is a wheeled mobile robot with two actuated degrees of freedom which enables it to have smooth motion on flat surfaces. It has the capability of climbing stairs and traversing obstacles, and adaptability toward uphill, downhill and slope surfaces. MSRox with 82 cm in length, 54 cm in width and 29 cm in height has been designed to climb stairs of 10 cm in height and 15 cm in width; nevertheless, it has the capability of climbing stairs up to about 17 cm in height and unlimited widt. In this paper, the motion systems and the capabilities of MSRox are described. Furthermore, experimental results of stair climbing and a comparison of the results with others are presented.

The Hibiscus ‘Mikyung’, with a uniform plant habit, upright and compact branches and white flowers with red eye spots, was developed through crosses between Hibiscus syriacus ‘Andong’ (♀) and H. syriacus ‘Namwon’ (♂). The Hibiscus breeding program was initiated in 2008 and H. syriacus ‘Mikyung’ was preliminarily selected as ‘WR-99’ in 2011 based on its compact branches and stable flower quality with white flowers. The selected line was further evaluated for different growth characteristics including leaf shape, leaf size and flowering characteristics, and tested for uniqueness, homogeneity and stability from 2011 to 2014. The superior characteristics have been propagated via grafting. ‘Mikyung’ had a small growth habit with compact branches, conferring the potential to be grown in pots. The 3-year-old ‘Mikyung’ trees were 91.7 cm in height and 52.5 cm in width, producing flowers of white color (RHS NN155C) with long red (RHS 60A) eye spots and medium-size fan petals. The size of flower and red eye was 10.6 cm and size of red eye was 2.9 cm. Leaves were 6.3 cm and 3.7 cm in length and width, respectively. After evaluation of plant characteristics for 3 years (2011-2014), the new Hibiscus cultivar was registered as ‘Mikyung’ (6332, number of plant variety protection rights) in 2016. The new ‘Mikyung’ cultivar, with compact growth habit and unique flower shape with long red eyes, can be used as specimen plants for landscape designs.

Greek and Roman mythology has a very long history and profound cultural heritage. After thousands of years of inheritance and development, it has formed a very unique cultural connotation, which has become the light of civilization in the world and accompanied by the European Renaissance Movement. In-depth development has had a huge impact on the development of Western society and culture. To some extent, Greek and Roman mythology is the source of the European Renaissance. During the European Renaissance, Greek and Roman mythology appeared again in front of people. Its continuous spread and development have had a huge impact on the English language system. For comparison, the following is a comprehensive analysis of the influence and enlightenment of Greek and Roman mythology on English language and literature.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the transformation of European consciousness attitude to sensuality by means of European graphic arts of 17th–18th centuries. The perception of Ancient Greek and Roman mythological stories as moral emblems was an integral part of the inheritance that the Renaissance had left to the baroque consciousness. Myths were perceived within the framework of the cause-and-effect relation of sin and punishment. Any feeling was considered as an instrument of complying with the moral devoir or as a temptation to slide into sin. An euhemeristic approach to Ancient Greek and Roman mythology became very popular at beginning of 18th century. The popularity of this approach was connected to the rationalism of 17th century. Moreover, the euhemeristic approach and rococo style were two unseparable parts of one conception in a number of illustrated books. At that time, self-commenting of the image became symbolic, not moral. The works by G. Vico, J. Winkelmann and French Enlighteners gradually were preparing a radical change in the perception of the Ancient Greek and Roman mythology as an embodiment of human feelings. Antiquity began to be understood as the Other, with its own internal laws of existence. This change was reflected in the stylistics of the graphics and in the glorification of feelings. The main emphasis was moved from the inner purity of the characters to the plot of the illustrated myth. The emblematic approach to the Ancient Greek and Roman mythology disappeared almost completely after the end of French Revolution and the mythology gradually was becoming the object of professional studying. Ethics and human nature merge in a harmonizing synthesis of early Romanticism.

Polyps of Chrysaora pacifica were found on sediments sampled from the sea bottom in Sagami Bay near the mouth of the Sagami River on 26 June 2009; they were identified from released ephyrae in the laboratory. This is the first record of wild polyps of C. pacifica. Polyps and/or podocysts were found from five among the six stations. They were found on 25 shells (2.5-9.2 cm in width, 1.6-5.3 cm in height) and on 22 stones (1.5-8.0 cm in width, 1.3-5.0 cm in height). The shells with polyps were mostly from the dead clam Meretrix lamarckii. Polyps and podocysts were mostly found on the concave surface of bivalve shells, or in hollows of the stones. The number of polyps and podocysts per shell ranged between 0-52 (median� 9) and 0-328 (median� 28); and those per stone were 1-12 (median� 2) and 0-26 (median� 1.5). The number, especially of podocysts, was much greater on shells than on stones. On a convex substrate they can easily be removed by being hit with other substrates during dredging and washing, and such a process may also occur in natural conditions. They were induced to strobilate and release ephyrae by decreasing the temperature from 22-23°C to 5-10°C.

This study aims to examine the construction and design of dragon traps used by fishermen in Insit Village, Tebing Tinggi Barat Sub-district, Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province. Dragon traps are passive and environmentally friendly fishing gear that have only been used since 2022, primarily targeting shrimp, with bycatch including fish and crabs. The research was conducted over two weeks from August 26 to September 9, 2024, using survey and field observation methods. Data were collected through direct measurements of the fishing gear, interviews with fishermen, and visual documentation. The results showed that the dragon traps have a total length of 15 meters, with the main structure consisting of 36 galvanized iron frames. The trap body is made of polyethene (PE) netting with a mesh size of 0.5 inches, measuring 40 cm in length, 45 cm in width, and 30 cm in height. It has 32 entry holes (ijep) arranged alternately. Other components include two catch-holding chambers measuring 50 cm in length, 38 cm in width, and 25 cm in height, PE binding ropes, and 5-meter-long stakes. The fishing location is in shallow, muddy waters with a depth of 2–3 meters and approximately 150 meters from the shoreline. During the study, the dragon traps caught 120 kg of white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) out of a total catch of 149 kg. This indicates that the bubu naga is quite effective in capturing shrimp as its main target species.

Pakan mempunyai peranan sangat penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangbiakan dalam budidaya ikan, dengan sistem pemberian pakan ikan pada umumnya masih berorientasi pada sumber daya manusia yang sifatnya masih manual. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat memudahkan seseorang dalam melakukan pemeliharaan ikan khususnya dalam pemberian pakan, yaitu dengan menerapkan sistem pemberian pakan otomatis yang berbasis mikrokontroller Arduino Mega. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat alat pelontar pakan ikan otomatis berbasis mikrokontroller arduino mega dan mengetahui kinerja sistem dari alat pelontar pakan ikan otomatis berbasis mikrokontroller arduino mega. Rancangan melibatkan penggunaan komponen seperti keypad, LCD, sensor HC-SR04, sensor RTC, buzzer, motor servo, motor DC, loadcell, dan relay untuk mengontrol dan mengukur berat pakan serta mengatur frekuensi pemberian pakan. Sistem yang dibangun menghasilkan prototipe dengan dimensi diameter 37 cm, lebar 40 cm, dan tinggi 95 cm dan dimensi pelontarnya yaitu panjang 15 cm, lebar 15 cm, dan tinggi 26 cm. Sistem ini berhasil membantu pengguna dalam memberi pakan ikan secara otomatis dan terjadwal. ABSTRACT Fish feeding plays a crucial role in the growth and reproduction of fish in aquaculture. However, the conventional feeding systems still rely heavily on manual intervention. To handle this, the automated fish feeding system based on the Arduino Mega microcontroller offers a practical solution. This research aims to design and develop an automatic fish feeding device using the Arduino Mega microcontroller and evaluate its performance. The design involves the integration of components such as a keypad, LCD, HC-SR04 sensor, RTC sensor, buzzer, servo motor, DC motor, load cell, and relay to control and measure the feed’s weight and regulate the feeding frequency. The constructed system resulted in a prototype with dimensions of 37 cm in diameter, 40 cm in width, and 95 cm in height, with the feeder’s dimensions measuring 15 cm in length, 15 cm in width, and 26 cm in height. The system effectively assists users in providing automated and scheduled fish feeding.

Rice straws have been widely used as wall filler material in China, Australia, and United States, by spinning them into hays with an approximate dimension of 40 cm of height, 40cm of thickness and 60 cm of width, using a machine. Then, the hays are placed into a wall frame until they fill it completely. After that, the wall frame is covered with wire mesh and plastered. In this research, rice straws are to be used as concrete brick fillers, by pressing the straws into hays and then putting them into the concrete brick mold along with mortar. The objective of this research is to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete brick, namely: compressive strength, specific gravity, and water absorption power. This research used experimental research method. It was conducted by using concrete bricks which had 400 cm of width, 200 cm of height, and 100 cm of thickness, made from rice straws, cement, sand, and water as the test sample. The straws were each made different by their volume. The mortars used in this research were made from cement, sand, and water, with the ratio of 1:7:0.5. The concrete bricks were made by pressing straws mixed with glue into hays, and then cut by determined variations of volume. The variations of hays volume were 0 m3, 0.000625 m3, 0.00075 m3, 0.000875 m3, 0.00125 m3, 0.0015 m3, 0.00175 m3, 0.001875 m3, 0.00225 m3, and 0.002625 m3. There were 3 samples for each volumes of hays. The result shows that the straw concrete bricks reached the maximum compressive strength of 1.92 MPa, specific gravity of 1,702 kg/m3, and water absorption level of 3.9 %. Based on the provided measurements of products in the Standar Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian product standardization), the concrete bricks produced attained the prescribed standard quality.

Some New Light on Thomas Hoccleve Linne R. Mooney University of York As John Burrow points out in his 1994 biography of Thomas Hoccleve, the large number of documents concerned with grants and payments to Hoccleve, together with the autobiographical passages in his poems, ‘‘enable us to know more about Hoccleve than about most vernacular writers of the period.’’1 Burrow’s biography sets forth what we know of Hoccleve from these sources, and its appendix lists not only the manuscripts identified as written by Hoccleve’s hand but also the sixty-nine documents that name him as recipient of grants, annuities, or payments from the Exchequer. These latter Hoccleve life records are written by various clerks of royal government, and have been connected with Hoccleve because they name him. But since Hoccleve served as a Clerk in the Office of the Privy Seal for more than thirtyfive years, we might expect to find among the surviving documents of that Office some samples of Hoccleve’s own handwriting, that is, documents written by him in the course of his work for the Privy Seal. Two such documents were identified by A. I. Doyle and M. B. Parkes in 1978.2 These are National Archives E 28/29 (temp. Henry IV–V, draft of a document among letters written to and from Robert Frye, Clerk of the Offices of the Privy Seal and Signet) and E 404/31/322 (issue warrant, commanding the Exchequer to pay wages to 24 ‘‘vadletz ’’ of the royal household for accompanying Henry V on his forthcom1 John Burrow, Thomas Hoccleve, Authors of the Middle Ages series, 4 (Aldershot, Hants: Variorum, 1994), p. 1. 2 A. I. Doyle and M. B. Parkes, ‘‘The Production of Copies of the Canterbury Tales and the Confessio Amantis in the Early Fifteenth Century,’’ in M. B. Parkes and A. G. Watson, eds., Medieval Scribes, Manuscripts, and Libraries: Essays Presented to N. R. Ker (London: Scolar, 1978): 163–210, esp. 82; repr. Parkes, Scribes, Scripts, and Readers: Studies in the Communication, Presentation, and Dissemination of Medieval Texts (London: Hambledon Press, 1991), pp. 201–48, esp. 222. PAGE 293 293 ................. 16596$ $CH9 11-01-10 14:07:26 PS STUDIES IN THE AGE OF CHAUCER ing expedition to France, dated 27 May 1415).3 Doyle and Parkes concluded: ‘‘Doubtless there are more unidentified specimens of [Hoccleve ’s] handwriting preserved among the collections in the P.R.O. and elsewhere.’’4 There are indeed many more documents written by Hoccleve’s hand in the collections of the National Archives, as I discovered when I went to examine the two named by Doyle and Parkes. The almost 150 documents written by Hoccleve that I have discovered so far survive in the following categories of documents at the National Archives (formerly called the Public Record Office, or P.R.O.): E 404, Warrants for Issues of the Exchequer of Receipt, or Lower Exchequer; E 208, King’s Remembrancer / Brevia Baronibus files of the Exchequer; and E 28, King’s Council and Privy Seal records of the Exchequer of Receipt. By far the greatest number of documents (132) I have identified as written by Hoccleve are in E 404 files, which are documents written by Clerks of the Wardrobe and Clerks of the Privy Seal instructing the Exchequer of Receipt to make payments out of the royal treasury. Those written by the Clerks of the Privy Seal command such payments in the name of the king and are stamped on the back with the Privy Seal in red wax. Those written by Clerks of the Wardrobe command such payments in the names of the Barons of the Exchequer, and were authenticated by the Clerks’ signatures. These latter documents, by far the most numerous in these files, are written on small slips of parchment often little more than 4 cm in height (by ca. 30 cm in width) because they simply record the warrant for payment in a few lines of script. The former are written on larger slips of parchment at least 9–12 cm in height (and ca. 30 cm in width), even if only recording a few lines of script, in order to allow space...

Between April & May 2014, the Department of Archaeology (Faculty of History, University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City) and the Department of Culture - Sports and Tourism of Ben Tre Province conducted an excavation of the compound tomb at Chợ Lách town (Chợ Lách district, Bến Tre Province). The main results are as follows: Archaeologists detected two raising architectures on brick ground like the architectural model of mausoleum, in which the big Mausoleum lies approximately directed southward, offset 3° east, including a stele house and a burial house in scale of 300cm in width, 240cm in length and 185- 205cm in height designed for 2-adult burial (normally a married couple often found in Nam Bộ Tombs). Two graves are of rectangular form because only soil walls surrounded the graves. They are submerged in water in the depth of 70-275cm, decomposed, containing just a piece of the adult skull, 5 very small bronze balls and plant traces (as coconut fiber and fruit (Mangrove palm), Bần rind (Sonneratia) and Ráng leaves (Acrosticlum aureum Linn), pottery and ceramic pieces etc. The small architectural mausoleum with stele and burial houses was opened heading straight West and with the scale of 140cm in length, 65cm in width and 95cm in height. The rectangular burial pit, with the dimension of length 130cm, width 60cm, depth 70cm, not flooded, so the wooden coffin covered by sarcophagus with iron nails is preserved. There are remains of a lying face-up child, spreading legs, wearing 2 bronze buttons. The baby was about 2-4 years old with the height of 100-110cm. From the results of forensic examination and comparative research into the tomb structure scale and the artifact collected from the excavated pit, the authors state that: The tomb monuments in Cho Lach belong to the styles of stele and burial house for aristocratic title, to the Nguyen Dynasty in two centuries 18th and 19th, with structure building material, brick grounds, steel frames, wooden coffins with iron nails, spherical virtual buttons, ceramic fragments etc. For the first time in Vietnam, tomb monuments contained such specific characteristics as 5 very small bronze balls and plant traces (as coconut fiber and fruit (Mangrove palm), Bần rind (Sonneratia) and Ráng leaves (Acrosticlum aureum Linn), pottery and ceramic pieces etc. Especially the first time in Vietnam, archaeologists find 2 aristocratic mausoleums sitting next to each other, perhaps belonging to the same family, in which the parents were lying in big burial pits and their child (ageing from 2 to 4 only) was lying in a small burial pit, but a majestic stele house of this model has still been built from the Medieval & Post-Medieval Ages.