Abstract
The 2×2 model of perfectionism proposes that self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) can coexist at different levels within individuals and can be captured into four subtypes of perfectionism (i.e., non-perfectionism, pure SOP, pure SPP, and mixed perfectionism). This study tested the associations between subtypes of perfectionism and burnout (i.e., exhaustion, cynicism, and lack of efficacy), engagement (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption), self-regulation (i.e., self-control, attention control, procrastination, and susceptibility to temptation), and semester grade point average (SGPA). Results of hierarchical multiple regressions with 510 university students revealed that pure SOP was associated with lower burnout and higher engagement, self-regulation, and SGPA than non-perfectionism and mixed perfectionism. Conversely, pure SPP was associated with higher burnout and lower engagement, self-regulation, and SGPA than non-perfectionism and mixed perfectionism. This study indicates that the 2×2 model is related to meaningful outcomes in the lives of university students.
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