Abstract
Ocean reverberation models for active sonar applications assume the validity of the Born or single scatter approximation. In many areas of physics, a Born series does not converge due to a combination of the scattering strength and the spatial scale over which the scattering occurs. In these cases, the validity of the Born approximation is at best questionable. It is natural to attempt to examine the validity of the Born approximation and the convergence of the Born series in general for well-defined scattering problems in ocean acoustics. The problems examined in this study involve scattering from specific realizations of bottom roughness for 2-D waveguides. This study examines several idealized problems from the 1st Reverberation Workshop in November 2006 for the purpose of comparing a Born approximation solution to an exact solution provided by a 2-way coupled-mode integral equation approach. The coupled integral equations are solved exactly to within the limitations of finite differences and numerical quadrature. The exact solutions are then compared to those that solve the fundamental integral equation using the Born approximation and to solutions obtained with a finite-element model. [Work supported by ARL:UT IR&D.]
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