Abstract
In this paper, a multi-parameter integrated detection photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed for its application in detecting temperature, magnetic field, and refractive index. The air holes on both sides of the fiber core were coated with gold film and introduced to the temperature-sensitive medium (PDMS) and magnetic fluid (MF), detecting temperature and magnetic field, respectively. The graphene layer is also presented on the gold film of the D-type side polished surface to improve the sensor sensitivity. The sensor’s critical parameters’ influence on its performance is investigated using a mode solver based on the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results show when the samples refractive index (RI) detection is a range of 1.36~1.43, magnetic field detection is a range of 20~550 Oe, and the temperature detection is a range of 5~55 °C; the maximum sensor’s sensitivity obtains 76,000 nm/RIU, magnetic field intensity sensitivity produces 164.06 pm/Oe, and temperature sensitivity obtains −5001.31 pm/°C.
Highlights
Compared with traditional optical fiber, photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has attracted more and more researchers’ attention due to its high birefringence, low loss, high nonlinearity, and flexible structure
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a physical phenomenon occurring on dielectric and metal surfaces [4,5,6].When the evanescent wave generated by the total internal reflection of incident light appears at the interface of the metal medium and the surface plasmonic wave meeting the phase-matching condition, resonance will occur, resulting in a large amount of incident light energy being coupled to the surface plasmon wave, the incident light energy will sharply decrease, and show a loss resonance peak in the loss spectrum
The numerical analysis of a surface plasmon resonance D-type PCF sensor integrated with temperature, magnetic field intensity, and refractive index was carried out under the boundary condition of a perfectly matched layer (PML)
Summary
Compared with traditional optical fiber, photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has attracted more and more researchers’ attention due to its high birefringence, low loss, high nonlinearity, and flexible structure. 2006, Hassani et al first combined SPR sensing with PCF and designed a surface plasmon resonance sensor based on photonic crystal fiber [10] This sensor has a flexible structure, easy phase matching, good single-mode characteristics, and high sensitivity. Based on the above research background, we propose an SPR D-type PCF sensor integrated with temperature, magnetic field intensity, and refractive index multi-parameter detection in this paper. We introduce magnetic fluid and temperature-sensitive medium into the air holes at both ends of the fiber core and use the magneto-optical effect, temperature-sensitive effect, and SPR effect to form a magnetic field sensing channel and temperature sensing channel, to design and realize the multi-parameter integrated detection of temperature, magnetic field strength, and refractive index of D-type PCF SPR sensors. The structure design and simulation results can open up a new field for realizing biomedical and multi-function sensor detection
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