Abstract
This paper proposes a method to charge a lithium ion battery with an integrated compensator. Unlike the conventional charging method which uses separate voltage/current compensators based on a constant voltage-constant current charge profile, the proposed method uses a single compensator. The conventional method requires a complicated design process such as separate plant modeling for compensator design and the compensator tuning process in the frequency domain. Moreover, it has the disadvantage of a transient state between the mode change. However, the proposed method simplifies the complicated process and eliminates the transient response. The proposed compensator is applied to the LLC resonant converter and is designed to provide smooth and reliable performance during the entire charging process. In this paper, for the compensator design, the frequency domain models of the LLC resonant converter at the constant voltage and constant current charging mode are derived including the impedance model of the battery pack. Additionally, the worst condition of the compensator design during the entire charging process is considered. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the theoretical design procedure is presented in this paper, and it is verified through experimental results using a 300 W LLC converter and battery pack.
Highlights
As the demand for energy storage and renewable energy systems grows rapidly, batteries are playing important roles
An integrated current-voltage compensator for a battery charger based on the resonant converter and the design procedure is presented
The proposed compensator is designed through frequency domain analysis, approximation of the Li-ion battery pack, and modeling of the battery frequency domain analysis, approximation of the Li-ion battery pack, and modeling of the battery charger using fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) and extended description function (EDF)
Summary
As the demand for energy storage and renewable energy systems grows rapidly, batteries are playing important roles. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have no memory effect, high energy density, and low self-discharge effects, making them suitable for a variety of applications, from small portable devices to electric vehicles. This trend has increased the importance of Li-ion battery chargers and charging methods [1,2]. The importance of high power density and high efficiency operation has recently been emphasized, and LLC resonator converters research is actively underway. The LLC resonant converter is capable of high-switching frequency operation and high-efficiency operation because it performs zero voltage switching under the entire load condition [3,4,5]. Since the leakage inductance of the transformer is used as a resonant inductor, there is an advantage in terms of cost and power density [6]
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