Abstract
Two-dimensional electrons in a magnetic field can form new states of matter characterized by topological properties and strong electronic correlations as displayed in the integer and fractional quantum Hall states. In these states, the electron liquid displays several spectacular characteristics, which manifest themselves in transport experiments with the quantization of the Hall resistance and a vanishing longitudinal conductivity or in thermodynamic equilibrium when the electron fluid becomes incompressible. Several experiments have reported that dissipationless transport can be achieved even at weak, non-quantizing magnetic fields when the electrons absorb photons at specific energies related to their cyclotron frequency. Here we perform compressibility measurements on electrons on liquid helium demonstrating the formation of an incompressible electronic state under these resonant excitation conditions. This new state provides a striking example of irradiation-induced self-organization in a quantum system.
Highlights
Two-dimensional electrons in a magnetic field can form new states of matter characterized by topological properties and strong electronic correlations as displayed in the integer and fractional quantum Hall states
In the experiments presented here, we systematically study the behaviour of the electronic density under irradiation and demonstrate a regime in which electrons stabilize at a fixed steady-state density independent of their initial density profile and the electrostatic confinement potential
Our experiments are performed at a temperature of T 1⁄4 300 mK much smaller than the Landau level spacing kBT5:oc so that in equilibrium the electrons mainly fill the lowest Landau level, whereas under resonant irradiation at energy :o, they can be excited into another subband manifold[25,26]
Summary
Two-dimensional electrons in a magnetic field can form new states of matter characterized by topological properties and strong electronic correlations as displayed in the integer and fractional quantum Hall states In these states, the electron liquid displays several spectacular characteristics, which manifest themselves in transport experiments with the quantization of the Hall resistance and a vanishing longitudinal conductivity or in thermodynamic equilibrium when the electron fluid becomes incompressible. The discovery of the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects[1,2,3,4,5,6] revealed the existence of new states of matter characterized by topological properties and strong electronic correlations triggering an intense theoretical and experimental research activity These efforts lead to a detailed microscopic understanding of the main experimental phenomena and to some of the most beautiful conceptual breakthroughs in condensed matter physics[7]. Since in this regime the electron density is not changed by an increase of the holding electrostatic forces, which tend to compress the electron cloud, we describe this new phase of the electron gas as an incompressible state
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