Abstract
The DNA in the shell of Crassostrea gigas could have important roles in the shell biomineralization. However, limited by the low efficiency of existing extraction methods, studies investigating the DNA in shells are lacking. In this study, the shell DNA of C. gigas was extracted using the organic solvent extraction (OSE) and guanidine lysis buffer (GLB) methods; the efficiency and quality of these two methods were compared. The sequences of a mitochondrial gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) and a nuclear gene (28S rRNA) of C. gigas were analyzed to verify the origin of the extracted shell DNA. Finally, the DNA contents of the ventral edge, middle part, and dorsal edge of C. gigas shells were compared. The results showed that OSE had a higher DNA extraction efficiency than GLB; the oyster shell DNA was homologous to the oyster genome; the DNA content was higher in the ventral edge than in the middle part or in the dorsal edge of the C. gigas shell. This study not only reports an improved extraction method for the mollusk shell DNA, but also revealed that the DNA in the oyster shell originates from the oyster body and that the DNA content in different parts of the C. gigas shell showed obvious variance. These results provide supporting evidence for the hypothesis that oyster cells participate in shell formation, and also afford a nondestructive method for oyster genetic identification, which can promote the application of molecular biology technology in oyster breeding. In addition, a shell growth pattern of ‘Under Old & Exceeding Old’ was also proposed.
Highlights
Mollusk shells are formed by biomineralization and protect the soft body within (Oberlander, 1984)
The average value of the oyster shell DNA extracted with organic solvent extraction (OSE) was 1.32 ± 0.02
The A260/A280 of the oyster shell DNA extracted with guanidine lysis buffer (GLB) was 0.97 ± 0.01, which was lower than 1.80, suggesting that there were impurities in the extracted shell DNA samples and that the purity of the DNA was low
Summary
Mollusk shells are formed by biomineralization and protect the soft body within (Oberlander, 1984). Biomineralization results from interactions between organic and inorganic molecules and the deposition of the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystal shell (Mann et al, 1993). Mollusk shells are formed via a complex, ordered biological process, which is regulated by various organic molecules (Samata, 1991; Wang et al, 2013). Studies of the organic matrix of mollusk shells have shed light on biomineralization in mollusks (He and Mai, 1999). Further research suggested that the content of the organic matrix in the mollusk shell was
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