An Exploration in Developing Recycling Economy of Coal Resources-Based City

The sustainable development of coal resource exhausted cities has become an important part of whole social development. This paper constructs the sustainable development indicator system of the coal resource exhausted cities from the four perspectives of the economy, society, resource and environment, we choose 12 coal resource exhausted prefecture-level cities for examples, analyze the level of sustainable development of the coal cities from 2006 to 2011 using principal component analysis method. Finally, it proposes the policy recommendations for sustainable development of coal resource exhausted cities.

The development of recycling economy in coal enterprise is man-machine system involving many industries, large range, omni directional and hierarchical support system, it provides information collection, information processing, information query and information accomplishment. The purpose of this system development is to collect data of recycling economy development¿realize data share¿integrally and comprehensively evaluate the effect of recycling economy by using these data. Therefore, real-time data collection and processing is the important premise and key factor of recycling economy in coal enterprises. Based on analyzing the system structure model of recycling economy in coal enterprise, This paper constructs information collection model, information processing model, information sharing model, recycling economy effect evaluation model and assistant function model, explains system database development. At last, system operating structure of recycling economy in coal enterprise is described in detail and system operating steps are described.

Analyzing sustainability of Chinese coal cities using a decision tree modeling approach

Cleaner production (CP) is a recognised and proven strategy for improving the efficient use of natural resources and minimizing waste, pollution and risks at the source where they are generated. CP is an essential part of any comprehensive environmental management system. Significant reductions in pollution loads can often be obtained at a low cost, and efficient use of resources and reduction in pollution in industrial production are clearly preferable to reliance on the end-of-pipe treatment. CP means a continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy to processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency. This leads to improved environmental performance, cost savings, and the reduction of risks to humans and the environment. CP is achieved by applying know-how, by improving technology, by input substitution, by better process control and/or by changing attitudes. Investments in CP can have attractive economic benefits due to reduction of input costs of materials, energy and water, and reduced expenditures related to waste treatment and disposal. The article is focused on cleaner production concept, CP innovation development and implementation methodology, and the key issues related to cleaner production capacity building activities in a country. In addition to an example of an innovative transdiciplinary education programme, the article provides recommendations concerning the most effective ways to build basic capacity level in cleaner production.KeywordsClean ProductionSustainable InnovationSustainable Industrial DevelopmentNational Cleaner Production CentreEnvironmental Management AccountingThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Dynamic analysis of the sustainable development capability of coal cities

The article considers the features of the development of modern cities from the point of view of the ecological approach. The main focus is on approaches within the framework of the implementation of sustainable development. Sustainable development is a new concept of scientific development, and sustainable development requires us to change not only the concept of economic development, but also the concept of social development. The development of the city as a social development and economic development is an important embodiment of the process of sustainable development, but also in the pursuit of the concept of innovation. The paper analyzes domestic and foreign literature within the framework of the research topic, as well as uses comparative, comparative and analytical methods. The author examines the main problems of city construction from the perspective of an ecological approach, based on the basic principles of ecological urban planning, the main content and ecological function of zoning, and also examines the ecological city and its relationship with sustainable development. Ecological cities are a necessary condition for the sustainable development of society. In the last few thousand years, the development of society has been based on the price of sacrificing the environment, where the main role belongs to cities as the core of human society. This is a rather negative development scenario that does not provide for long-term sustainability, as the potential of the environment is increasingly depleted. The current situation is becoming threatening, and if it is not changed, not only the survival and development of future generations will be under serious threat, but also modern man will be in a situation on the verge of survival. Thus, the process of building an ecological city will reverse this negative situation and will not only contribute to the provision of conditions for the normal life of the existing civilization, but also will protect future generations of people, that is, will contribute to sustainable social development. In turn, the sustainable development of society is to ensure the construction of an ecological city, and an integrated approach to this problem will allow achieving the harmonious development of ecological cities.

Ecological civilization city was made up of population, resources, environment, economic compound system, is a multi-function, multi-level and multi-objective evaluation objects. Construction of ecological civilization city is the request of the ages; it is a profound reflection on the industrial revolution, human development model. Ecological city is the result of human ecological value orientation, the inevitable trend in the development of future city. Ecological civilization city will become the ecological civilization construction and the main development direction of modern city and the pursuit of goals in the 21st century. This article begins with the concept and connotation of ecological civilization city, it obtains seven concrete construction of index, they are the ecological environment, ecological economy, ecological livable, ecological philosophy, ecological culture, ecological political, ecological infrastructure and ecological law, and specific construction method is given according to the characteristics of different indicators.

Development of renewable energy sources (RES) is a crucial factor, influencing diversification of energy sector. Popularization of renewable energy projects has a key significance in building energy security system in Poland, therefore most of strategic decisions concerning RES are taken on the country level, and basing on EU directives, general development directions are also formed there. Implementation of assumptions referring to RES is conveyed to administrative organs of lower level. Due to the fact that the most important challenges concerning energy sector transformation, including RES projects, refer to multifunctional urban areas, it is crucial to analyze, what way urban self-government authorities put these tasks of initiating and implementing pro-ecological enterprises of RES sector in practice. Taking into account the fact that renewable energy development in cities is a leading element of urban policy, implementing directives of sustainable development and the fact that actions for RES promoting are indispensable factor influencing low carbon economy development, it is assumed that renewable energy is an important pillar of low-carbon economy in cities. Taking the above into account, the research purpose is to make analyze of initiatives and actions within renewable energy development in big cities, taken up by self-government authorities, outlined in strategic documents. Present research will be carried out in reference to real RES structure and dominant directions of RES development in cities selected for tests. Study results will enable to predict RES sector development in urban areas, as necessary condition of low-carbon economy in Polish cities.

With the rapid growth of urbanization and motorization in China in recent years, the demand for transportation in people’s work and daily lives has increased. In this context, a number of issues such as urban traffic congestion, energy consumption, and environmental pollution have become increasingly severe. As a result, the tremendous socioeconomic, resource, and environmental pressures have been placed on the development of urban transportation. Sustainable economic and social development requires green development as a precondition. The economical and efficient use of resources and the protection and improvement of the ecological environment are conducive to the formation of a new pattern of modernization for the harmonious development of man and nature. Transportation planning is an essential technical field for promoting the development of green and ecological cities, and it is one of the primary responsibilities of urban planning. The application of green ecological planning technology and the scientific and reasonable development of traffic planning and management measures can aid in reducing energy consumption and, thus, achieving the goal of environmental protection. In this field, green transportation is a mature green ecological planning technology. Green transportation development is not only a key solution to urban transportation problems, but also an essential means of achieving sustainable urban development, so it has become a hot topic in the field of transportation. As the ideal city of the postindustrial era, ecocity can serve as a model for the sustainable development of China’s small and medium-sized cities. After all, industrial development is an unsustainable path, so human society must embrace green development. The core of green development lies in shifting from an exclusive reliance on industrialization to the urban transformation into an ecological civilization. Given the current contradictions between economic growth and resource and environmental degradation, promoting green and environmentally conscious transportation planning with resource conservation in mind is a crucial means of resolving these contradictions. Government incentives and restrictions are essential for the development of green transportation. Therefore, it is crucial to study the impact of environmentally conscious transportation planning and management measures on the economic growth of small and medium-sized cities. This will provide relevant departments and stakeholders with guidance and a reference for formulating policies that will contribute to the harmonious development of China’s green transportation and economy.

From the introduction of balanced development mechanism of environmental elements, city planning to guide the city to develop efficiently and healthfully and other methods, the paper is to achieve the goal of continuous improvement of human settlement and harmonious coexistence between human and environment in the process of city renewal and transformation. Based on Ecological City Theory, it is found that various environmental problems when city develops fast can be improved effectively via the construction and research on the compact city “green valley”. It is to increase land use rate, meet the requirements for environmental carrying capacity in the mean time and achieve the ecological balance between artificial and natural environment via self-adjusting. KEYWORD: Ecological City Theory; Compact City; “Green Valley” International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science (ITMS 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 596 Picture 1.Green Valley 2.1 Ecological City Construction Theory 2.1.1 The Sustainable Development Theory The sustainable development theory aims to gratify the needs of the contemporary people and at the same time preserve the resources for the later generations’ use. The city environment must be developed with the premises that people coexist with the nature in a harmonious way; the natural resources should be made use of and protected in a reasonable way; the recycling economy and industrial structure should be encouraged greatly; new resources and technologies should be promoted and advocated; city economy, social development, ecological and environmental benefits should be united in a green, low-carbon dioxide, and environmental friendly way. 2.1.2 Theories of Food Chain and Food Net The food chain mainly refers to the process by which the energy is passed in ladder levels among the living things. Many food chains are intertwined to form the food net. And the ecosystem makes the passing of energy and recycling of materials possible by the food chain and net to maintain its stable development. Several eco-industrial chains have been established in the construction of the compact cities: the material recycling one according to the theories of the food chain and net is established by making use of materials to pass, supply, and exchange energy; the one established according to various kinds of energy and their different qualities to make use of energy from the lower level to the top level; and the one established to recycle the use of water according to different levels, qualities, and requirements of water. 2.1.3 The Environmental Bearing Capacity Theory The natural ecosystem with rich material basis plays a determining role in people’s lives and production activities, is the wealth people inherited from nature, and is the indispensable resource. It should be noted that the environment can bear a limited scale of development of the human economy and society and this bearing capacity changes intrinsically and externally along with people’s transformation, creation, re-transformation, and re-creation activities, influencing human being’s conducts and the healthy development of the economy and society potentially. 2.2 Basic Principles for the Construction of the Ecological City First, the principle of putting people first should be observed. People’s fundamental interests should be set as the starting point and the final goal to fully gratify people’s producing and living needs, to create an ultra city environment which is suitable for living and working, to closely combine the economic and social development with the natural law, and to unite the economic and social construction with the ecological and cultural construction. Second, observe the principle that the environment is producing force. The environment and the producing force are a united one which should not be disseminated nor be made opposed to each other by the development of cities. It should be clearly realized that the environment is the basis and prerequisite for the development of producing forces which are the deriving and definite condition for the environment. Only when each kind of resource in the environment is fully cultivated and protected, can it make more contributions to the economic and social development of human beings and turn the environment into practical producing forces. Third, stick to the principle of adopting different measures according to local conditions. China with a vast territory witnesses a variance between its southern and northern parts in environment, resource, and culture, etc, even different cities having their unique natural resources. The local unique cultural and environmental resources should be thoroughly made use of in the city’s development. Partial admiration for the foreign should be avoided. The essence left from the ancient times should also be utilized in modern times. The future development and effort-making orientation should be made clear in combination with the practical condition of the given city. Fourth, stick to the sustainable development principle. The sustainable development aims to most fully make use of the energy or material that has entered into natural and artificial ecosystem to enable a mode of the economy running mechanism with low exhaustion, pollution, input but high production. It sticks to the developing law of the ecology theories, resolving fundamentally the friction between environment and economic development.

The sustainability of life and economy is directly dependent on natural resources, and the effects of the use of these resources are felt on both ecology and the economy. As scarce and valuable resources such as raw materials, energy, and water constitute the basic inputs of the economy as well as life. Resource use not only causes increasing pressure on natural resource reserves and adversely affects the environment, but also affects national and international trade and market prices. The efficient and sustainable use of raw materials, energy, and water by both reducing the impact on the environment and producing more value by using less input also contributes to the sustainability of production and therefore the economy. Especially in the second half of the 20th century, the destruction of environmental values brought about by rapid technological and industrial developments and the rapid decrease of non-renewable resources continue to accelerate today. The rapid industrialization that started with the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century and the unstoppable increase in the world population caused production and consumption to increase at the same rate. In parallel with the changes in industrialization and lifestyles, the wastes have shown a logarithmic increase over time and the local environmental problems due to these wastes have gained a global dimension. The uncontrolled discharge of these wastes continued for years until it was understood that there was a limit to the capacity of nature to accept the wastes generated after production and consumption. Thinning of the ozone layer, global warming, acid rain, toxic and hazardous waste discharges in quantities far above the absorption capacity to various natural receiving environments can be counted within this scope. One of the reasons for the increase in environmental problems has been the very high cost of investments based on the end-of-pipe approach to environmental protection. For this reason, over time, industrial organizations have focused on ‘clean production techniques and practices,’ which is an approach to prevent waste at its source. It has been observed that the industries that have started Clean Production Practices and allocate a budget for investments when necessary, amortize this cost in a short time as it saves water and energy from the cost of waste treatment, and therefore the application area is expanding day by day. It has been understood that clean (sustainable) production can be applied to all type of industries, including small and large, regardless of material, energy and water consumption levels. Observations show that this approach offers the potential to reduce resources by an average of 10–15% without costly investments. Therefore, in this study, the clean production (CP) approaches in different industries will be discussed with details and CP practices of the pulp and paper production facility will be evaluated in this context.

The regulation by law on recycling economy at the enterprise and ecological industrial park level serves as the base of leveled regulation by law on recycling economy. The recycle of enterprise internal sources is the key for developed countries developing recycling economy. Following the requirements of recycling economy, countries constitute relevant laws and regulations, offering an institutional warranty for achieving cleaner production. In China, a law and policy system that benefits the development of recycling economy is still an absence. However, the horizontal coupling and vertical closeness of ecological industrial parks, together with the interactive effects between enterprises, make the regulation by law a necessity. Complete and perfect policy and legal regulations are important warranties for the development of ecological industrial parks. Therefore, China should further perfect the legal mechanism for the internalization of environment costs; build up and perfect a legal warranty system for full green technologies; set up and perfect a special policy and law system for ecological industrial parks management.

The information plays the important role in recycling economy. The information technologypsilas wide application, and the clean production technology, the energy comprehensive utilization technology's seepage in the national economy will become the critical path for the recycling economy. In this paper the author on the base of the study on the action of information service in recycling economy, puts forward the construction of information service system in recycling economy in China, and some related points that needed to solve.

In China, the necessity for legislation on recycling economy (RE) first lies in the difference in the conceptions applied to define it. Three schools in theory are prevailing at present: affirmative, negative, and replaceable. The paper insists that RE is of unique implication for China. A practical need for legislation exists; however, those rational parts in both negative and replaceable schools should be given full consideration. The necessity for RE legislation rests not only upon requirements for social and economic development but also upon economic globalization and the internalization of environmental protection. China’s RE legislation should learn from foreign countries, meet actual needs of the country, make sure to coordinate with clean production law, and make recommendations and options for legislative modes, principles, and systems.

According to the production characteristics of coal enterprises in China, this paper defines the essential connotations and main characteristics of high-yield and high-efficiency coal enterprises from the perspectives of high quality and high efficiency. On this basis, this paper analyzes the key elements and points to achieve high-yield and high-efficiency production in coal enterprises, and then constructs the key technology system of high-yield and high-efficiency production in coal enterprises in China, so as to provide reference for the improvement of the overall production level in coal enterprises.