AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF STEEL SLAG AS FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE

Amidst the global pursuit of sustainable alternatives in concrete production, this study explores the viability of incorporating by-products or waste materials as aggregates to support the concrete construction industry, with a specific emphasis on steel slag. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of steel slag as a partial replacement for fine and coarse aggregates in concrete production. The experiment involved casting 30 cubes and 10 beams, replacing fine aggregate from 0 to 60%. Flexural and compressive strength tests at 7 and 28 days followed the ACI method. Results revealed that a 30% replacement of fine aggregate with steel slag led to higher compressive strength at both 7 and 28 days, while a 45% replacement showed superior flexural strength at 28 days. Further chemical analysis and optimization are recommended for deeper insights. The study concludes with marginal improvements in compressive and flexural strength with steel slag partial replacement, identifying 30% for fine aggregate and 45% for coarse aggregate as optimal replacements. In addition, the mineral composition of steel slag exhibits significant variability, with compounds, including silicon dioxide (SiO2), iron oxide (Fe2O3), manganese oxide (MnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and calcium oxide (CaO). Chemical analysis indicates high silicate content and minimal alkali content, contributing to enhanced strength during concreting. Higher steel slag replacement reduces workability, confirmed by slump tests. However, all mixes maintain a true slump, and unit weight increases with steel slag aggregate replacement. Compressive strength improves incrementally with higher steel slag content, echoing prior research. In addition, flexural strength rises with steel slag replacing both coarse and fine aggregates, suggesting enhanced performance in reinforced concrete structures. These findings highlight steel slag’s potential as a sustainable alternative in concrete production, aiming to advance its application in the construction industry, promoting environmental sustainability and economic viability.

The basic mechanical properties of steel slag concrete with waste thermal steel slag instead of the coarse and fine aggregates in concrete are studied and compared with the mechanical properties of ordinary concrete. The test results show that the addition of steel slag as coarse aggregate will enhance the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete, and it will improve with the increase in the steel slag content. When steel slag is used as fine aggregate, the compressive strength of the steel slag concrete subjected to first increases and then decreases with increase in the steel slag sand content. To obtain better performance for the steel slag concrete, the suggested optimum content of steel slag sand as fine aggregate is 50%. Within. The addition of steel slag as fine aggregate can improve the flexural strength of concrete, and the flexural strength increases with the increase of the addition of steel slag sand. The steel slag concrete with the highest strength can be obtained when 100% of steel slag replaces the concrete aggregate, and the steel slag has good basic mechanical properties for the application of road engineering.

This investigation aims to study the effect of replacing 100% of fine and coarse aggregates with heavyweight aggregates and adding nano titanium (NT) and nano silica (NS) on shielding against radiation and on the mechanical and transport properties of heavyweight high‐strength concrete (HWHSC). In this study, 20 mixes were prepared that included the use of hematite and steel slag (SS) aggregate with NS or NT used as additions to mixes by the ratio 1% and 3% from cement weight. To study the effect of the total replacement of aggregates and the addition of nanomaterials (NMs) on the properties of HWHSC, to study engineering properties the slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity were applied. Density, chloride permeability, sorptivity coefficient, water permeability, and microstructure tests were also performed. To study the efficiency of shielding against radiation, linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, mean‐free path, half‐value layer, and tenth‐value layer of different gamma‐ray sources of radiation 137Cs 662 (keV) and 60Co 1332 (keV) were applied. The results showed that the 100% SS and hematite replacement as coarse and fine aggregates with 3% (NS or NT) achieved the best mechanical and transport properties compared to other mixtures. While the highest density of the string containing hematite and SS was achieved with 3% of NT, with a density of 3384 kg/m3. The highest compressive strength of more than 116 MPa was achieved for the included mixture of 3% NS. The highest attenuation of gamma‐ray radiation was achieved with the application of hematite and SS aggregates with 3% of NT.

Steel slag is a melted by-product that mainly consists of calcium carbonate and metal oxides generated in the process of steel manufacturing. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of steel slags as fine and coarse aggregates in concrete and to determine the optimum quantity of steel slag as fine and coarse aggregates to enhance the strength of concrete. Concrete cubes were cast by mixing steel slag as replacement (i.e. 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) for fine and coarse aggregate, separately. Abrasion test, sieve analysis, water absorption and specific gravity test were conducted to determine the properties of raw materials. Unit weight, workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and the possibility of corrosion were experimentally evaluated to determine the effectiveness of steel slag. It is found that 75% steel slag mixed concrete indicates improvements in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and unit weight, respectively. Further, it was noted that steel slag aggregates were not corroded after conducting the Accelerated Corrosion Test Method (ACTM). Therefore, the use of steel slag as fine and coarse aggregates for concrete would improve the mechanical properties of concrete and reduce the adverse environmental impact.

Partial replacement of fine aggregate by steel slag and coarse aggregate by walnut shell in concrete

Use of low CaO unprocessed steel slag in concrete as fine aggregate

This study investigates the potential use of steel slag as a sustainable alternative to conventional coarse aggregate in concrete production. Steel slag, an industrial by-product, has desirable mechanical properties that could enhance the performance of concrete, while also addressing environmental concerns associated with waste management. The research focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties, durability, and environmental benefits of using steel slag as a partial or full replacement for natural aggregates. The results indicate that steel slag concrete demonstrates promising performance in terms of compressive strength, durability, and long-term stability, making it a viable option for sustainable construction. This study investigates the feasibility of using steel slag as coarse aggregate in concrete. Steel slag, a by-product of steel production, was evaluated for its potential as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates. The effects of steel slag on concrete's workability, compressive strength, and durability were assessed. The results showed that steel slag can be effectively used as coarse aggregate, improving concrete's mechanical properties while reducing environmental impacts.

Effects of steel slag as fine aggregate on static and impact behaviours of concrete

Properties of Concrete Manufactured Using Steel Slag

Possibility of Concrete Prepared with Steel Slag as Fine and Coarse Aggregates: A Preliminary Study

Utilization of unprocessed steel slag as fine aggregate in normal- and high-strength concrete

Pervious concrete is a type of concrete with significantly increased water permeability, ensuring increased rates of drainage of rainfall. The high porosity is achieved by removing a large percentage of fine aggregates from the mix. The present paper is an approach for the addition of steel slag as a substitute for coarse aggregates in pervious concrete. More specifically, three types of aggregates have been used: steel slag, construction and demolition wastes and conventional limestone aggregates. The produced pervious concretes are compared for their properties, such as water permeability, compressive strength and abrasion behaviour. Also this paper contains the study of the porosity analysis of these pervious concrete mix designs by using porosity profiles produced from X-ray CT Scanning. According to the results of this paper, it is observed that the incorporation of industry by-products or of Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes leads to better abrasion behaviour, and to the increase, in some cases, of the compressive strength and of the water permeability.

Electrical resistivity-Compressive strength predictions for normal strength concrete with waste steel slag as a coarse aggregate replacement using various analytical models

Purpose Cement plays a significant part in concrete, and with the increasing demand for concrete, cement output varies day by day, allowing production to carbon dioxide emissions. As well as marble processing creates stone slurry and solid discards. These are often dumped irresponsibly on open land, polluting the soil. This improper disposal of marble waste is a major environmental concern. This study aims to propose a sustainable solution for reusing this waste material as a concrete additive. Design/methodology/approach A total of 135 concrete cubes of size 150 × 150 × 150 mm, 54 concrete cylinders of size 150 mm dia. and 300 mm height and 54 concrete beams of size 150 × 150 × 700 mm were cast. The replacement was 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20% by weight of cement with marble dust to create M30 concrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.45. The test was performed to find the compressive strength (CS), flexural strength (FS) and split tensile strength. Also, durability tests like rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), acid attack, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and water permeability test were performed. Findings After 7 and 28 days of curing, it was found that replacing 5% of cement with marble powder led to an initial strength improvement of up to 25% for both curing periods. However, further increases in marble dust resulted in an inconsistent decrease in strength for all the mixtures. Also, durability properties like acid attack test, water permeability test and RCPT, showed good performance at the optimum percentage of waste marble powder (WMP) as cement replacement. The microscopic analysis revealed a denser pore structure at lower WMP replacement levels, likely due to the powder filling in gaps. Originality/value This study reveals that by substituting 5% (optimum) of cement with WMP, there was CS improvement up to 8.4% and 17% for both 7 and 28 days of curing. WMP is typically finer than cement particles and fills the voids in the concrete more effectively, resulting best performance at optimum percentage against RCPT, UPV, acid attack and water permeability.

Effect of fillers on the mechanical properties and durability of steel slag concrete