Abstract
Abstract A large-eddy simulation (LES) model was used to simulate the convective boundary layer (CBL) that developed on 1 July 1987, over the domain of the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project Field Experiment (FIFE). Three simulations were produced using different boundary conditions at the ground surface, namely, (i) spatial distribution of topography and spatial distribution of surface heat fluxes; (ii) spatial distribution of topography but mean surface heat fluxes; and (iii) no topography and mean surface heat fluxes. The diurnal variation of mean surface fluxes and their spatial distribution were derived from the FIFE network of observations. In all cases, the model was initialized with the atmospheric sounding observed in this domain at 0700, and run until 1500 local time. The resulting mean profiles of temperature and specific humidity were compared to those observed with atmospheric soundings at 0900, 1030, and 1230 local time. The simulated structure of turbulence was q...
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