Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of fish meal (FM) replacement with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemical indices, intestinal histology, and microbial community of hybrid snakehead. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated with FSM inclusion to decrease dietary FM from 350 g/kg (the control diet) to 300, 250, 200, and 150 g/kg, referring to CON, FM-30, FM-25, FM-20, and FM-15, respectively, and then fed to hybrid snakehead with initial body weight of 6.49 ± 0.03 g for 60 days. The control group showed the best growth with a weight gain rate (WGR) of 417.0% and a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 0.84, but the WGR in FM-25, FM-20, and FM-15 groups was decreased by 26.25%, 40.60%, and 42.23% and FCR was increased by 0.24, 0.45, and 0.45, respectively, when compared to those in the CON group ( P < 0.05 ). The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and crude protein, the protein efficiency and retention, the serum total cholesterol content, and the intestinal muscle thickness in FM-20 and FM-15 groups and the villus height in all FSM groups were significantly lower than those in the CON group ( P < 0.05 ). Intestinal microbiota analysis indicated that the main microorganisms included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Plesiomonas was the dominant genus with the highest relative abundance in the FM-20 group. In summary, in a diet containing 350 g/kg FM, FSM can successfully replace 50 g/kg dietary FM without negative effects on growth performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemical indices, and intestinal health of hybrid snakehead juvenile.
Highlights
The rapid development of aquaculture has led to an increasing demand for fish meal (FM), but the global FM resources are limited and FM price kept rising in recent years
A large number of antinutritional factors in Soybean meal (SBM) were degraded, while the contents of crude protein, free amino acid, active components such as small peptides, and soybean isoflavones were increased [5,6,7]. He et al [8, 9] reported that fermented soybean meal (FSM) successfully replaced 105 g/kg of FM in a diet containing 350 g/kg FM without negative effects on the growth performance, intestinal histology, and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
No significant differences were found in survival, K, and viscerosomatic index (VSI) among all the groups (P > 0:05)
Summary
The rapid development of aquaculture has led to an increasing demand for fish meal (FM), but the global FM resources are limited and FM price kept rising in recent years. A large number of antinutritional factors in SBM were degraded, while the contents of crude protein, free amino acid, active components such as small peptides, and soybean isoflavones were increased [5,6,7]. He et al [8, 9] reported that fermented soybean meal (FSM) successfully replaced 105 g/kg of FM in a diet containing 350 g/kg FM without negative effects on the growth performance, intestinal histology, and microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FSM has effectively partially replaced FM in the diets of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) [12] and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) [13]
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