산림녹지의 계획 및 관리를 위한 자연생태적 기능 평가

Masjid Lake is one of the Objects and Attractions of Nature Tourism (ODTWA) in Riau Province, which is located in Koto Kari Village, Central Kuantan Sub-District, Kuantan Singingi District. This area is potential to support the economic in the non-oil and gas sector. However, the ecotourism development in this area is not yet optimal because it is not supported by integrated ecotourism development planning. In order to support integrated ecotourism planning, this research was conducted to determine the suitability and carrying capacity of the environment, conduct economic valuation and formulate sustainable ecotourism management strategies. Data type have been used include secondary and primary data. Secondary data include thematic map, rainfall, number of visitor and current ecotourism management system. Primary data include bio-geophysical aspects of water in the lake and environment surrounding the lake, tourist characteristics and management status. Secondary data compiled from relevant sources and formal institutions, while primary data collected with observation and survey. The land suitability analysis used were weighted linear combination (WLC) method followed by the Douglas method to calculate the carrying capacity of the environment. The economic valuation of ecotourism was assessed by the traveling cost method (TCM). Meanwhile sustainable ecotourism management strategy was prepared based on evaluation of the sustainability of management with multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and SWOT-AHP. Based on the analysis, it can be explained that suitable area (S1+S2+S3) for ecotourism development in Masjid Lake around 21.87 ha or 95.10% of Masjid Lake ecosystem, Meanwhile, 1.1 ha (4.9%) not suitable (N) for ecotourism development. From 21.87 hectares of suitable land, it is known that the physical carrying capacity (PCC) value = 9,574 visitors/day, real carrying capacity (RCC) = 6,755 visitors / day and effective carrying capacity (ECC) = 3,378 visitors / day. While the actual tourist visit around 54 visitor/day is not exceeded environmental carrying capacity. The willingness to pay (WTP) value of tourists whom visiting to Masjid Lake around IDR 184,701 / visit / year, giving an actual economic value = IDR 3.64 billion / year, it smaller than available potential economic value=IDR 260.95 billion / year. Based on the MCA and SWOT - AHP analysis, it is shows that the sustainability status of ecotourism management in Masjid Lake classified as poor category with sustainability index=40.0%. However, based on the external and internal factors analysis, it shows that the current situation of ecotourism management in Masjid Lake classified in the favourable category because it has more strengths and opportunities than weaknesses and threats. The strategy that must established to improve current ecotourism management in Masjid Lake is a growth-oriented strategy, as follows: (1) Established an integrated sustainable ecotourism management plan (ISEMP) that accommodates all sustainable ecotourism development aspects; (2) Using the ISEMP as the basis to assess the feasibility a community-based ecotourism management; (3) Improve staff capacity and community participation for continuous ecotourism innovations; (4) Implement a digital-based ecotourism product marketing system according to market trends; and (5) Improving the ecotourism development accountability system and built ecotourism management reputation continuously.

Imagining a Place for Sustainability Management: An Early Career Call for Action

The chapter focuses on soil protection, sustainable soil management and the challenges facing the implementation of sustainable soil management in Africa. Over 90% of cultivated lands in Africa occur in areas deemed unsuitable for crop production. These soils are experiencing increasing pressure from high population growth to provide food for its people. Inappropriate cultivation practices coupled with high rural poverty have contributed to severe land degradation throughout the continent. Inadequate capacity, knowledge and experience, lack of education and awareness, lack of economic motivation for implementation of sustainable soil management (SSM), the need to institutionalize systems, inadequate information (data base) for implementation of SSM, policy and socio-cultural constraints are some of the challenges in implementing sustainable soil management SSM in Africa. Factors such as low rate of adoption of improved technologies, high rate of land degradation and ineffectiveness of some of the agricultural policies, inadequate infrastructure and low return to the farmer are contributory to the low growth rate in the agricultural sector. Food security is at risk, making the countries more dependent on food imports which provide no medium term solution to the country’s food insecurity problems. The land resources of the countries are being degraded at an alarming rate by soil erosion, nutrient depletion through crop harvests and exports without corresponding replacement of these nutrients by fertilizer use.KeywordsSustainable soil managementSoil protectionSoil threatsSoil organic matterNutrient loss

Objective: To analyze the distribution of green areas in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim and its relationship with socioeconomic indicators to understand the impact of urbanization and sustainable management on environmental and social inequalities. Theoretical Framework: The inclusion of green spaces is discussed as essential for reducing pollution and promoting health, but their unequal distribution reflects existing socioeconomic disparities, especially in low-income regions. Method: Google Earth satellite images and ArcGIS 10.8 software were used to map land use, classifying it into arboreal, low-lying, urban, and exposed soil vegetation, using the Maximum Similarity Classification technique. The most recent socioeconomic data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient to identify the relationship between the presence of vegetation and socioeconomic indicators. Results and Discussion: The results show that green areas, although important for the environment and well-being, are not determinants for socioeconomic improvements, highlighting the complex relationship influenced by factors such as public policies and urban infrastructure. Research Implications: The research highlights the need for multifaceted approaches to sustainable urban management, considering not only the distribution of green areas, but also the implementation of effective public policies and improvements in urban infrastructure to reduce socioeconomic inequalities. Originality/Value: The study expands the literature by exploring the distribution of green areas in a medium-sized Brazilian city, analyzing the relationship between environmental sustainability and socioeconomic inequalities, and reinforces the importance of future research that considers multiple urban factors.

Identification of potential sites for rainwater harvesting (RWH) is an important step toward maximizing water availability and land productivity in arid semiarid regions. Characterised as a "water scarce" country, Egypt has limited fresh water supplies, and is expected to suffer from water stress by the year 2030. Therefore, it is important to develop any means available to supply water and maintain human habitability in a sustainable manner. Practiced or simply indispensable in many countries around the world, rainwater harvesting (RWH) promotes a sustainable and efficient manner of exploiting water resources. In the present study, suitable areas for sustainable stormwater harvesting and storage in Egypt were identified using remote sensing for land cover data - location assessment linked to a decision support system (DSS). The DSS took into consideration a combination of thematic layers such as rainfall surplus, slope, potential runoff coefficient (PRC), land cover/use, and soil texture. Taking into account five thematic layers, the spatial extents of RWH suitability areas were identified by an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The model generated a RWH map with five categories of suitability: excellent, good, moderate, poor and unsuitable. The spatial distribution of these categories in the area investigated was such that 4.8% (47910 km(2)) and 14% (139739 km(2)) of the study area was classified as excellent or good in terms of RWH, respectively, while 30.1% (300439 km(2)), 47.6% (474116 km(2)) and 3.5% (34935 km(2)) of the area were classified as moderate, unsuitable and poor, respectively. Most of the areas with excellent to good suitability had slopes of between 2% and 8% and were intensively cultivated areas. The major soil type in the excellent suitability areas was loam, while rainfall ranged from 100 to 200 mm yr(-1). The use of a number of RWH sites in the excellent areas is recommended to ensure successful implementation of RWH systems.

A decline in urban forest structure and function in the United States jeopardizes the current focus on developing sustainable cities. A number of social dilemmas—for example, free-rider problems—restrict the sustainable production of ecosystem services and the stock of urban trees from which they flow. However, institutions, or the rules, norms, and strategies that affect human decision-making, resolve many such social dilemmas, and thus, institutional analysis is imperative for understanding urban forest management outcomes. Unfortunately, we find that the definition of institutions varies greatly across and within disciplines, and conceptual frameworks in urban forest management and urban ecosystems research often embed institutions as minor variables. Given the significance of institutional analysis to understanding sustainable rural resource management, this paper attempts to bring clarity to defining, conceptually framing, and operationally analyzing institutions in urban settings with a specific focus on sustainable urban forest management. We conclude that urban ecologists and urban forest management researchers could benefit from applying a working definition of institutions that uniquely defines rules, norms, and strategies, by recognizing the nested nature of operational, collective choice, and constitutional institutions, and by applying the Institutional Analysis and Development framework for analysis of urban social-ecological systems (SESs). Such work promises to spur the desired policy-based research agenda of urban forestry and urban ecology and provide cross-disciplinary fertilization of institutional analysis between rural SESs and urban ecosystems.

According to the biophysical area, the government has set the land use of forest areas to be managed for specific management purposes. The implication is that the Criteria and Indicators (C&I) of sustainable forest management are arranged fractionally, based on the forest area’s function. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of C&I for sustainable forest management in conservation forests in the upstream area of the Jeneberang watershed in Gowa Regency. Field observations, interviews, focus group discussions, workshops, and documentation study conducted to collect primary and secondary data. The analysis conducted by the research were (1) Socio-Economic, (2) Landscape Change, (3) Activity-Based Management and (4) Policy Analysis. The results found the application of C&I of sustainable forest management based on forest function is ineffective because the forest area is an inseparable landscape unit, so the management unit should not be separated. Therefore, forest areas’ land use should be reconstructed based on the function of forest area (fractional) to “landscape-based watershed landscape”. C & I in measuring sustainable forest management performance should also be hierarchically structured interconnected input, outputs, outcomes, and impact indicators.

Sustainable development is a priority research areas for technology philosophy in contemporary China. This article takes forestry resource in Jiangxi as the research object, collects data of forest resource in 2001and 2010, combines with previous research results of forestry sustainable development evaluation index, finally establishes evaluation indicators for sustainable forest resource management referring to a large number of literatures on the previous study. Secondly, using AHP method to carry out the forestry sustainable development comprehensive evaluation, which has extremely important and practical significance to scientifically determine the region forestry resource management, reasonably plan sustainable forest management measures and promote local forestry sustainable development and sustainable management.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is two-fold. The first is to provide insight into the academic life, teaching and research activities of active participants in the sustainability accounting and management academic community in North America. The second is to provide readers with an overview of the papers in this special issue.Design/methodology/approachTo meet the first objective, we specifically sought out those who self-identify as sustainability accounting and management academics, based in North American universities and who actively engage in the sustainability academic community in North America. Using an anonymous online survey, this group was asked to respond to various questions about their academic life, research and teaching activities.FindingsSurvey respondents report that they choose to focus on sustainability accounting and management because they want to make a difference (change the world). To that end, the respondents identify carbon emissions and climate change, social issues such as inequalities, as well as grand challenges and sustainable development goals, as important research topics to pursue in the future. While passionate about their research topics, respondents generally note that research outlets that will serve to significantly move their careers forward are difficult to find. A relatively small number of respondents teach sustainability accounting or management, however, most courses taught are dedicated to the topic and teaching sustainability was identified as amongst the most enjoyable aspects of their academic lives.Practical implicationsWith study respondents feeling closed out of a number of mainstream journals, career paths at North American institutions could appear somewhat limited for those choosing sustainability accounting and management research as a focus, interest and even passion. This is perhaps even more profound on the teaching side where from a practical perspective, we need to be teaching accountants and managers the significance of sustainability in and for the profession, yes – but even more so for society broadly.Social implicationsAs we move into the digital age, it is important that professionals bend their minds to sustainability as much as they do to keep up with the “pace of change” on other fronts. A potential risk is that “high-tech” subsumes equally important social aspects that need to be embedded in the process of generating accounting and management professionals.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a survey on the work experiences of a sample of scholars teaching and doing research in the area of sustainability accounting and management has been presented for publication. It is meant to provide some descriptive insights into what drives some active participants in this group of academics and reflect on where the future might lead as sustainability becomes an urgent necessity rather than a choice. These descriptive insights and reflections provide a starting point for future inquiries.

Wild ungulates as forest engineers

One of the indicators in achieving the goal of sustainable forest management is maintaining forest health. Forest health can describe the good and bad conditions of forest management. Management is carried out based on the functions owned by the forest. With these different managements, there is a need to assess and map the current state of forest health across various parts. This study aimed to obtain values of forest health status in each plot for different forest functions and generate a cluster map of forest health status in other forest functions. This study was on three types of forest based on their functions: conservation forest, production forest, and protection in Lampung Province. The method used is the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). Method to determine the health of forests using indicators of vitality, productivity, and biodiversity and using Web-GIS to create a map of the distribution of cluster plots. The sample plot used is in the form of cluster plots, with the number of each forest function is divided into 3 clusters whose status is categorized as good, moderate, and bad. Based on the research, it was found that the protected forest cluster 1 had bad health status, cluster 2 was good, and cluster 3 was moderate. The overall health condition of the production function is bad, and the forest health status of the conservation forest function is all good. The current distribution map of the forest's sanitary conditions for the three localities helps guide management decisions to be made soon. The conclusion obtained from this study is that existing forest functions influence forest health status because forest management is adjusted to forest functions so that each function has a different status of forest health conditions.

Most Mongolian forest areas are located in the northern part of Mongolia. Forest resources are vitally important for rural livelihood and local businesses that rely on timber and other forest products. In addition, forest landscapes serve to maintain fresh water supply, stabilize soil and permafrost and provide diverse habitats for wildlife. With effective forest management, it can also provide a secure supply of forest products that could meet the demands of Mongolia's growing population. Promoting forest management has been identified as a key priority by the Government of Mongolia. Forest function is essential for sustainable forest management. This study presents the process for classifying forest functions with the use of criteria stipulated in the forest laws in 1995 and 2007. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to classify and produce forest function maps. Forest functions were classified into three classes as strictly protected forest, protected forest and production forest, according to the forest law of 1995. The new forest law which was enacted in 2007 has zoned forest into two main forest functions as protected forest and production forest. The area of the final two forest functions increased by the same ratio (21%) due to the change in the law criteria. These functions will be linked with forest management planning, which will improve the forestry of Selenge province in Mongolia.

Effects of mutualistic and pathogenic soil mycobiota on forest ecosystem functioning: herbaceous phytometer growth on natural and sterilised soils

Forest stand structure is not only a crucial factor for regulating forest functioning but also an important indicator for sustainable forest management and ecosystem services. Although there exists a few national/global structure databases for natural forests, a country-wide synthetic structure database for plantation forests over China, the world’s largest player in plantation forests, has not been achieved. In this study, we built a country-wide synthetic stand structure database by surveying more than 600 peer-reviewed literature. The database covers tree species, mean stand age, mean tree height, stand density, canopy coverage, diameter at breast height, as well as the associated ancillary in-situ topographical and soil properties. A total of 594 published studies concerning diverse forest stand structure parameters were compiled for 46 tree species. This first synthesis for stand structure of plantation forests over China supports studies on the evolution/health of plantation forests in response to rapid climate change and intensified disturbances, and benefits country-wide sustainable forest management, future afforestation or reforestation planning. Potential users include those studying forest community dynamics, regional tree growth, ecosystem stability, and health, as well as those working with conservation and sustainable management. This dataset is freely accessible at http://www.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.j00076.00091.

Forest stand structure is not only a crucial factor for regulating forest functioning, but also an important indicator for sustainable forest management and ecosystem services. Although there exist a few national/global structure databases for natural forests, a country-wide synthetic structure database for plantation forests over China, the world’s largest player in plantation forests, has been not achieved. In this study, we built a country-wide synthetic structure database by surveying more than 600 peer-reviewed literatures. The database covers tree species, mean stand age, mean tree height, stand density, canopy coverage, diameter at breast height, as well as the associated ancillary in-situ topographical and soil properties. Totally 594 published studies concerning diverse forest structure parameters were compiled for 46 tree species. This first synthesis for forest structure of plantation forests over China supports studies on evolution/health of plantation forests in response to rapid climate change and intensified disturbances, and benefits country-wide sustainable forest management and future afforestation or reforestation planning. Potential users include those studying forest community dynamics, regional tree growth, ecosystem stability and health, as well as those working with conservation and sustainable management.