Abstract
The electrical equivalent model of an underwater acoustic transducer must be exactly defined in the operating frequency band to improve the driving efficiency between a sonar transmitter and a transducer. This paper used the PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm to estimate electrical equivalent circuit parameters of a transducer that has multiple resonant modes. The proposed method used a new fitness function to minimize the estimation error between the measured impedance of the transducer and the estimated impedance. The difference to the previous method is that the proposed method considered interference effects of the adjacent resonant modes. Additionally, this paper analyzed the effective power and separated the mechanical and acoustical resistance by considering the acoustic radiation efficiency of the transducer. As a result, the proposed method estimated all parameters at the resonance points which are influenced by the adjacent resonant modes.
Highlights
Existing acoustic transducers used in active sonar systems have been developed for broadband, high power, and high efficiency [1,2,3,4,5]
For driving transducers in broadband, multiple resonant modes should be adjacently located in the operating frequency [4,5]
The electrical equivalent circuit, which can express well the transducer, is very helpful to design the transmitter, and it has become important for representing the actual transducer mechanism as closely as possible
Summary
Existing acoustic transducers used in active sonar systems have been developed for broadband, high power, and high efficiency [1,2,3,4,5]. The transmitter design is important for maximizing an acoustic source level of the Sonar system, because it is directly related to high power and high-efficiency transmitting [20,21] For this reason, the electrical equivalent circuit, which can express well the transducer, is very helpful to design the transmitter, and it has become important for representing the actual transducer mechanism as closely as possible. The approximated method has calculated parameters of an equivalent circuit by using measured impedance and each resonant frequency of a transducer that has multiple resonant modes. 3 of 12 3 of 12 resistance of the equivalent circuit model by considering the efficiency of the transducer, based on the assumed electrical–acoustical conversion efficiency at each resonant mode. WTreanmsdeuacseurrMedodtehlefoirmEpxpeedraimnceentdata of a piezoelectric tonpilz transducer to verify multipWleermeseoansaunrtemd othdeesiminptehdeainncteerdeastainogffarepqiuezenoecylecbtarnicdt.oTnhpeiltzratrnasndsudcuecrewr atos cvoemrifpyomseudlotfipcylelinredsroicnaalnptiemzodeleesctirnicthcerianmteircessctoinngnefrceteqdueinncpyarbaalnledl,. wThitehttrhaenhsdeaudcearnwd athsecotamilpmoassesdesof ccoymlibnidnreidcaulspiniegzoteenlesciotrnicbcoelrtsa.mTihcse caocnounestcitcedwindpoawrawlleals, watittahchtheed htoeatdheahnedatdhemtaasisl mofatshsees trcaonmsdbuinceedr aunsdintghteecnosmionpobnoelntst.sTohfethaecoturasntiscdwucinerdowwerwe eans caltotsaecdheidn twoattheer-htiegahdt hmoausssinogf .the tranWsdeumceeraasnudretdhethcoemimpponedenatnscoefmthaegtnriatnusddeuacnerdwpehraesenocflothseedtrinanwsdatuecre-triginhttheouwsiantegr. tank bWy eanmiemaspuerdeadnctheeanimalpyezdearn(4ce19m4Aag, nHitPu)daet ainntderpvhaalsseofo1f0t0heHtzr.anFsrdomucethr einmtehaesuwraetder imtapnekdbayncaendiamtap,eedaacnhcfereaqnuaelynzceyrp(4o1in9t4Ath,aHt cPo)raretsipnotenrdvsaltsoothf e10p0eaHkzi.mFproemdatnhcee m(ceoansduurce-d taimncpee)dvaanlcueesdawtao,ueladchbefrtehqeureenscoynapnotinptotihnatt. cTohrerefsrpeoqnudens ctoy tbhaenpdeatkeiamcpherdeasnocnean(ctomndoudcetcaonuclde)bveaildueenstiwfieodulbdybuesitnhge trheesomniannimt puominpt.oTinhteofrtehqeuceonncdyubcatanndcea.t each resonant mode could be identified by using the minimum point of the conductance
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