Abstract
A Fourier analysis method has been employed deriving both the phase and group velocities of the atmospheric and ionospheric waves observed by various radar instruments. In this paper, a simulation is conducted to estimate errors of the two velocities resulted from the noises of natural background and radar system. The two noises with various amplification factors are placed into both synthetic data and observations of the MU (Middle- and Upper-atmosphere) radar for further investigations and validations. It is found that the errors of the phase and group velocities caused by the system noise are approximately constants, while those by the natural background noise are generally proportional to the amplification factors. The results confirm that the method can sustain the influences from natural background and system noises.
Highlights
Various sounding techniques ranging from VLF to UHF bands are employed to observe the ionospheric waves (Davies, 1990; Hunsucker, 1991)
It is found that the phase velocities above and below 437 km altitude are in the downward and upward directions, respectively, while the group velocities above and below 434– 493 km altitude are in the upward and downward directions, respectively (Fig. 1(b))
The group velocity in the away and toward direction indicates that the wave origin is at about 434–493 km altitude where it is near the F2 peak, upper F2 region
Summary
Various sounding techniques ranging from VLF to UHF bands are employed to observe the ionospheric waves (Davies, 1990; Hunsucker, 1991). Noises of the nature background (the atmosphere and/or ionosphere) and of the sounding systems contributing to the data could affect the accuracy in deriving the phase and group velocities.
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