Abstract
The main objective of this study is to discuss the economical and the environmental analysis of a net zero energy (NZE) tourist village in Alexandria, Egypt, by maximizing the renewable energy fraction and minimizing the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. The hybrid photovoltaics (PV)/wind/diesel/battery system is found to be the optimum hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for the proposed tourist village under the study. The optimum HRES consists of 1600 kW of PV panels (58.09% solar energy penetration), 1000 kW of wind turbines (41.34% wind energy penetration), 1000 kW of power converters, 200 kW diesel generator (only 0.57% diesel generator penetration) in addition to 2000 batteries with the capacity of 589 Ah each. The levelized cost of energy (COE) from the optimum HRES is $0.17/kWh and the total net present cost (NPC) of this system is $15,383,360. Additionally, the maximum renewable energy fraction is 99.1% and the amount of GHG emitted from the optimum HRES is only 31,289 kg/year, which is negligible in comparison with the other system configurations, therefore the optimum HRES can be considered as a green system. In addition to this, the achieved percentage of the capacity shortage and the unmet load in the optimal HRES is only 0% for both.
Highlights
Alexandria is the second largest city and the second largest metropolitan area in Egypt after GreaterCairo by size and population
The amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from the optimum hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is only 31,289 kg/year, which is negligible compared to other system configurations, so the HRES can be considered as a green system
Based on the simulations and the discussions of the economical and the environmental analysis presented in this paper, the following conclusions can be drawn: Alexandria is the optimum Egyptian tourist city to establish an environmentally-friendly tourist village in comparison with the other four tourist cities (Luxor, Giza, Qena and Aswan)
Summary
Alexandria is the second largest city and the second largest metropolitan area in Egypt after Greater. It extends about 32 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. It is the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean Coast. Alexandria is Egypt’s largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt’s imports and exports [1]. It is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from the Suez Canal.
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