Abstract
In this study, an energy spectrum (ES) algorithm is proposed to retrieve wind direction from X -band marine radar image sequences. This algorithm is based on utilizing the occlusion area zero-pixel percentage to distinguish rain-free and rain-contaminated radar data. And then the rain-contaminated images are detected and discarded. The effect of radar radial attenuation in radar image sequences is modified by the piecewise fitting technique. Wind direction is determined from rain-free and radial correction data, based on the ES of small-scale wind streaks. The ES of small-scale wind streaks is obtained by establishing an ES scale separation filter. Based on the wind streak characteristics, a 2-D fast Fourier transform is used to obtain the ES of radar images. The wind streak characteristics are derived from the distribution of the azimuth normalization radar cross section. The proposed algorithm is tested using data collected from X -band radar images and in situ anemometer data from the coast of the East China Sea. Compared with the anemometer data, after using the proposed algorithm, the root-mean-square difference for wind direction is 12.13°, which is an acceptable result for engineering application.
Highlights
S EA SURFACE wind is an important factor in ocean dynamics, and significant to marine exploration, navigationManuscript received December 14, 2020; revised February 13, 2021 and March 8, 2021; accepted March 22, 2021
We propose a new algorithm for retrieving wind direction based on the energy spectrum (ES) of wind streaks in rain-free radar images, an approach that utilizes the occlusion radar image ZPP to improve the effectiveness of rainfall identification
The directional ambiguity can be removed using the dependence of the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) on the antenna look direction, because that for X-band radars operating at grazing incidence with HH polarization, a peak only exists in the upwind direction [2]
Summary
S EA SURFACE wind is an important factor in ocean dynamics, and significant to marine exploration, navigation. X-band marine radar has high spatial and temporal resolution, as well as a low extra cost relative to other remote-sensing instruments [8] This type of radar has frequently been mounted on ships and other vessels for navigation purposes [9], providing a convenient means for studying sea surface inversion data, such as oil spill detection[10], surface current [11]–[13], wave height [14]–[16], and other factors. We propose a new algorithm for retrieving wind direction based on the energy spectrum (ES) of wind streaks in rain-free radar images, an approach that utilizes the occlusion radar image ZPP to improve the effectiveness of rainfall identification.
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