An Empirical Study on the Integration of Modern Educational Practices in Salaf Islamic Boarding Schools: Challenges, Resistance, and Strategies for Implementation

Abstract: The modernization of Islamic education in Islamic boarding schools continues to be discussed in the world of national education, because to this day Islamic boarding schools are one of the Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia that have unique diversity that is not the same between Islamic boarding schools. This study examines education at the Nurulhuda Pakandangan Islamic boarding school with a focus on the modernity of education. Using field research methods, the author takes a qualitative approach. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction, display and verification. The results of this research show that the Nurulhuda Islamic Boarding School modernized Islamic education in Islamic boarding schools using direct methods in learning Islamic boarding school materials. Both Nurulhuda Islamic Boarding Schools modernized the study of the yellow book from sorogan which is generally delivered by the Kyai at the mosque, but in this Islamic boarding school it is delivered using classical method with three stages, namely, opening, explanation and questions. Then the aim of learning the yellow book at this Islamic boarding school is to introduce and enrich the students' linguistic insight.

This research examines the dynamics of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia with a focus on typology and development. Through a qualitative descriptive approach and library research, this research identified three developing typologies of Islamic boarding schools: Salaf Islamic Boarding Schools, Modern Islamic Boarding Schools, and Radical Islamic Boarding Schools. Salaf Islamic boarding schools, which are traditional Islamic boarding schools, maintain the teaching of classical Islamic books without adding to the general curriculum. The case study of the Tarbiyatun Nasyi'in Islamic Boarding School in Jombang provides an illustration of the sustainability of the Salafist model which still exists today. Modern Islamic boarding schools, represented by Pondok Modern Gontor, show transformation by incorporating a general curriculum, emphasizing Arabic and English language teaching, and managing Islamic boarding school management neatly. This phenomenon illustrates the adaptation of Islamic boarding schools to the demands of the times and general education. Radical Islamic boarding schools reflect a conservative and scriptural Islamic ideology, often involving fundamentalist views and radicalism. Case studies of Islamic boarding schools in Lamongan and Ngruki highlight the negative impact of radical thinking in the students' thinking patterns and the involvement of some alumni in acts of terrorism. This research describes the variations in educational approaches and religious views in Islamic boarding schools, reflecting the dynamics of Islam in Indonesia. With a deeper understanding of Islamic boarding school typology, this research contributes to detailing the development and role of Islamic boarding schools in shaping Islamic society in Indonesia

In 2018 the Bill on "Islamic Boarding Schools and Religious Education" was born and was passed into Law no. 18 of 2019 concerning Islamic Boarding Schools. This law gives the same recognition to Islamic boarding school graduates as the government recognizes general education. Some of the regulations in this law are considered controversial because they require Islamic boarding schools to follow government regulations even though Islamic boarding schools have always had their own regulations. The focus of the research is the attitude and communication of Islamic boarding school organizations in responding to Law 18 of 2019. This research was conducted at two Islamic boarding schools. Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School and Al Azhar Situbondo Islamic Boarding School. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The data collection technique uses observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results of the research show that the Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School expresses appreciation for the Islamic Boarding School Law by continuing to carry out studies. Meanwhile, the Al Azhar Situbondo Islamic Boarding School refused. Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School as an organization responds to this with two forms of communication, namely internal and external. Internal communication consists of receiving reports from Islamic boarding school administrators and holding conceptual meetings. Meanwhile, external communication is holding halaqoh for Islamic boarding school caregivers, sending official letters to the government, holding halaqoh for the regional regulation on Islamic boarding school development and Islamic boarding school caregivers communicating directly to the president. Meanwhile, the Al Azhar Situbondo Islamic Boarding School does not communicate internally. External communication was carried out by providing direct rejection in several halaqoh activities that were participated in, including at the Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School, Demong Situbondo and Nurul Jadid Probolinggo.

This paper discusses the construction of curriculum in Islamic boarding school, either in the perspective of approach, the model of fund or learning method. As far as we know that the modernization trend of education in Indonesia has penetrated the idea of modernization of Islamic education in Islamic boarding school, it is undeniable that the presence of Islamic boarding school is open and adopts the development of Islamic boarding school technology, design, model and method of learning. This ultimately affects the dynamics of science in Islamic boarding school environments. The idea of modernization of Islam that found its momentum since the early 20th century Masehi, on the field of education is realized with the establishment of modern educational institutions. So, the traditional of Islamic boarding school (Salaf) transformed into the modern Islamic boarding school (khalaf), of course by deconstructing the existing curriculum. In certain cases, however, the modernization of education has proven to have a positive impact on the development of Islamic boarding school. Not a few the Islamic boarding school eventually able to develop the potential of education and development potential of surrounding communities, and not least the entry of new approaches, models and teaching methods forced Islamic boarding school to reconstruct curriculum design that has been adopted, even forced to abandon the original model and learning of Islamic boarding school. Keyword s : Islamic boarding school, curriculum, Instruction

Islamic boarding schools are religious educational institutions that have an important role in shaping the character and morals of Indonesian society. However, in recent years, the rising cost of education has become one of the main challenges that hinder access for students, especially for underprivileged families. This study aims to analyze the impact of rising education costs on student access in Islamic boarding schools and identify solutions to overcome these problems. This study uses a qualitative approach with an analytical descriptive method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school leaders, ustaz, students, and parents of students, as well as direct observation at several Islamic boarding schools. Documentation studies are also carried out to obtain information about cost management policies and programs run by pesantren. The results of the study show that the increase in operational costs of Islamic boarding schools, especially for infrastructure and modernization of education, is the main factor affecting the increase in education costs. In addition, family economic factors, the shift in social values from spiritualism to materialism, and the lack of government support have also worsened students' access to Islamic boarding schools. However, Islamic boarding schools are trying to find solutions by implementing zakat and infaq-based scholarship programs, as well as collaborating with philanthropic institutions. Some Islamic boarding schools also develop independent business units to support operations without burdening students. This study concludes that efficient management of education costs and innovation in education programs are essential to keep pesantren inclusive. Thus, pesantren can continue to be a pillar in da'wah and affordable Islamic education, as well as support the development of a better society.

This study examines the attitudes and communication of Islamic boarding school organizations in responding to Law No. 18 of 2019. This research was conducted at the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Situbondo Islamic Boarding School. Islamic boarding schools are the oldest Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia. From the beginning, they have deliberately taken on the responsibility of educating the community independently. This is despite the mandate of the 1945 Constitution giving responsibility to the government. Although Islamic boarding schools share the responsibility for educating the nation, the government is reluctant to recognize Islamic boarding school diplomas and considers them merely non-formal educational institutions. In 2018, the "Islamic Boarding School and Religious Education" Bill was born, which was then passed into Law No. 18 of 2019 concerning Islamic Boarding Schools. This law provides the same recognition for Islamic boarding school graduates as the government recognizes general education. Several provisions in this law are considered controversial because they require Islamic boarding schools to follow government regulations, even though Islamic boarding schools have previously had their own regulations. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Descriptive analysis serves to provide an overview of the data obtained. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School appreciates the Islamic Boarding School Law by continuing to review it. As an organization, the Sukorejo Islamic Boarding School responds to it through two forms of communication: internal and external. Internal communication involves receiving reports from Islamic boarding school administrators and holding conceptual meetings. External communication involves holding Islamic boarding school administrators' halaqohs, sending official letters to the government, holding halaqohs on Islamic boarding school development draft regulations, and Islamic boarding school administrators communicating directly with the president.

Balancing technological developments and seeing the increasingly diverse competitiveness of Islamic boarding schools because the number of Islamic boarding schools continues to increase every year, for this reason, the Asy-Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School also has a strategy in promoting its Islamic boarding schools. The research focus in this thesis is: (1). What is the public relations strategy via WhatsApp to promote the Sukorejo Bangsalsari Asy-Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School? (2). Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the Public Relations Strategy via Whatsapp to promote the Asy-Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Bangsalsari Islamic Boarding School?. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type and data was collected using observation methods carried out in the field, interviews also carried out in the field, and documentation made in the field. Utilization of Islamic boarding school Public Relations which can help, build and maintain communication between the Islamic boarding school and its public.The results of this research show the Islamic boarding school's public relations strategy in involving public relations and Islamic boarding school alumni to promote Islamic boarding schools using WhatsApp social media. In promoting Islamic boarding schools, public relations and Islamic boarding school alumni form Jami'ah or Islamic boarding school management groups. . Utilizing Whatsapp social media is very effective in promoting Islamic boarding schools. And it can also build good communication between alumni and Islamic boarding school administrators. Alumni maintain good relations with the Islamic boarding school, and also participate in boarding school activities. Then, alumni promote the boarding school by joining the WhatsApp group of the boarding school and the Asy-syai'iyah administrators on each alumni's social media, and holding special alumni events at the boarding school and outside the boarding school. By using WhatsApp social media for alumni and Islamic boarding school administrators, it is easier to promote Islamic boarding schools to the public.

Intercultural communication is a process of interaction involving individuals from different cultural backgrounds. In Indonesia, especially in Cirebon Regency, Islamic boarding schools have an important role in educating the younger generation, and are often a meeting place for various cultures from all over the country. This study aims to explore the dynamics of intercultural communication that occurs at the Nurul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School, located in Cirebon Regency. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that the Nurul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School is a space rich in cultural diversity, with students coming from various regions and different social backgrounds. Despite challenges in terms of language, social norms, and customs, this Islamic boarding school has succeeded in creating an inclusive atmosphere that supports intercultural interaction. Factors that influence intercultural communication in this Islamic boarding school include the role of caregivers in building tolerance values, multicultural education implemented in the curriculum, and active participation of students in joint social activities. The positive impact of this intercultural communication is reflected in the increased appreciation of differences, tolerance, and interpersonal skills among students.

Islamic boarding schools, as traditional Islamic educational institutions, have become an integral part of the history of education in Indonesia. However, with the emergence of modern technology, Islamic boarding schools are faced with new challenges that require adaptation to current developments. This article explores the dynamics of Islamic boarding school education in facing the technological era, exploring how these institutions try to maintain traditional values while still taking advantage of technological advances. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and participant observation at several leading Islamic boarding schools. The findings show that Islamic boarding schools face a dilemma between preserving traditions and responding to the demands of the times. Several Islamic boarding schools have succeeded in integrating technology into their curriculum without sacrificing fundamental Islamic values. However, challenges in managing the impacts of modernity are also visible, including the potential for changes in social and spiritual values among santri. This article provides insight into Islamic boarding schools' efforts to bridge the gap between tradition and modernity. The practical and strategic implications of this research can provide guidance for Islamic boarding schools and other stakeholders in developing education that is relevant to the times without losing the essence of Islamic boarding school education which has become a characteristic of educational culture in Indonesia.

This research is motivated by the condition of Islamic boarding schools in Jambi province in terms of infrastructure management. The research objective is to determine the infrastructure management system in developing Islamic boarding schools in Jambi Province.The research method uses a qualitative approach. The sample in this study; Nurul Jalal Islamic boarding school, Tebo Regency City, Zulhijjah Islamic boarding school, Batang Hari Regency, Nurul Iman Islamic boarding school, Jambi City and as a research informant for Islamic boarding school leaders, madrasa leaders and staff who handle infrastructure management. Data collection technique using snowball sampling. Sampling technique using the method : interviews, documentation, observation. To test the validity of the data by using data triangulationThe research results are as follows; first, management of facilities and infrastructure in the development of Islamic boarding schools in Jambi Province, the Islamic boarding schools as samples in this research are as follows; carry out planning, carry out implementation and organization, then carry out the process of procurement and inventory of facilities and infrastructure as well as the final stage of monitoring and evaluating the condition of infrastructure in an effort to develop Islamic boarding schools. All activities are oriented towards achieving goals, clarity and responsibility, administration, efficiency and consistency in the use of facilities and infrastructure. Second, the inhibiting factors in the process of managing facilities and infrastructure to develop Islamic boarding schools in Jambi province include; human resources, educational funds as well as the location and geography of Islamic boarding schools, while the supporting factors in managing facilities and infrastructure in developing Islamic boarding schools in Jambi Province come from the culture of Islamic boarding schools and the principles possessed by Kiai as leaders of Islamic boarding schools. Third, the efforts made by Islamic boarding schools in managing facilities and infrastructure in developing Islamic boarding schools in Jambi Province include; maximizing the allocation of the use of education financing funds for facilities and infrastructure, increasing human resources through training, collaborating with other institutions, collaborating with the private sector, collaborating with the government and the community. Fourth, a suitable management model for facilities and infrastructure in developing Islamic boarding schools in Jambi Province, the results of findings in the field show a model that is more suitable for developing Islamic boarding schools. The facilities and infrastructure management model is carried out using a strategic management model and at the beginning of activities uses the active management concept. This activity is influenced by the type and style of Islamic boarding school leadership. Apart from that, Islamic boarding school leaders view facilities and infrastructure as resources in the form of sources of strength in achieving a goal and as resources related to humans, finances and materials.

The role of the secretary in managing the administration of Islamic boarding schools has a very vital role in ensuring that the operations of Islamic boarding schools run efficiently. As an educational and religious institution, Islamic boarding schools have a great responsibility to manage administration that involves various aspects such as finance, documentation, internal and external communication, and coordination of various daily activities. One of the main challenges in managing Islamic boarding school administration is the large volume of work. Given the large number of students, coupled with various ongoing religious, educational, and social activities, Islamic boarding school administration often requires careful and structured management. Not only that, a secretary must also have a good understanding of the vision and mission of the Islamic boarding school, so that every administrative policy taken can be in line with the main objectives of the Islamic boarding school. In this context, the secretary must be able to work together with the leadership of the Islamic boarding school in formulating the right administrative strategy to support the sustainability of the Islamic boarding school in the future. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to explore the role of the secretary in managing administration at the Darussalam Islamic Boarding School, Blokagung, Banyuwangi. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. This study aims to understand how secretaries manage Islamic boarding school administration efficiently, and to offer recommendations to improve the effectiveness of administration at the Darussalam Islamic Boarding School. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the role of the secretary at the Darussalam Islamic Boarding School is very important in maintaining administrative efficiency. The main challenges faced include high workloads, limitations in the use of technology, and communication systems that need to be updated. By implementing recommendations that focus on the use of digital technology, increasing technological literacy, and more efficient communication systems, the effectiveness of Islamic boarding school administration can be significantly improved.

Arabic is the most core subject in Islamic boarding schools. Likewise at the Bahrul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Tambakberas Jombang and the an-Nuqayah Islamic Boarding School Madura. This study discusses the Arabic curriculum applied by the Bahrul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Tambakberas Jombang and the an-Nuqayah Islamic Boarding School Madura with a focus on the research objectives of Arabic learning, Arabic language learning activities, and Arabic language learning materials taught in the two Islamic Boarding Schools. This study uses a qualitative approach by using the form of a case study. The sources of data in this study were the leaders of Islamic Boarding Schools, Arabic language teachers and administrators of the Bahrul Ulum Tambakberas Islamic Boarding Schools in Jombang and the an-Nuqayah Islamic Boarding Schools, Madura. After discussing and analyzing the data, it can be concluded that the two Islamic boarding schools applied different curricula. The Bahrul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Tambakberas Jombang applies an Arabic curriculum for the Salaf Islamic Boarding School which still prioritizes Arabic as a tool for understanding sources of Islamic studies. Meanwhile, at the an-Nuqayah Islamic Boarding School, the modern Islamic Boarding School's Arabic curriculum combines basic Arabic (as a tool) and practical Arabic as a daily communication tool, which in this case is accommodated by the Daar al-Lughah al-Arabiyah wa al-Fiqh al-Salafi institution. However, the two Islamic Boarding Schools have something in common, namely placing Arabic in their respective Madrasah Diniyah programs.

Islamic boarding schools are Islamic educational institutions that have a significant role in character formation and intellectual development of the young generation of Muslims in Indonesia. Today, Islamic boarding schools are divided into two main categories: Salaf (traditional) Islamic boarding schools and Khalaf (modern) Islamic boarding schools. This study aims to identify the curriculum and learning system at the Khalaf Islamic boarding school, which combines religious education with general education in order to prepare students to face the challenges of the globalization era. The results of the study show that Khalaf Islamic boarding schools not only maintain religious learning through traditional methods such as sorogan and bandongan, but also adopt modern learning systems, including formal classes and technology integration. The Khalaf Islamic boarding school curriculum consists of religious and general curriculums, which are designed in balance between religious knowledge and contemporary science. In conclusion, the Khalaf Islamic boarding schools offer an adaptive educational model in line with the demands of the era and needs of society in the digital era without losing the noble characters as the identity of Islam.

This research will examine two important issues, first, issues related to ecology with all the scope of the problem. Second, issues related to economic independence. These two important issues are underwritten by Pondok Pesantren as a basis and value in solving ecological problems and economic independence. Theoretical studies of Islamic boarding schools' values originating from the treasures of "yellow yellow" are translated into practical matters. In summary, this research will also confirm that the treasures of the “Yellow Book” which contains a lot of ethical content can be implemented in more real actions, namely taking sides on ecological issues and issues of economic independence. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study research. The thing that underlies the use of a qualitative approach in this research is because the researcher will explore the problem and develop a more detailed understanding of the phenomenon. Sources of data in this study were obtained from Caregivers/Leaders of the At Thoriq Ecology Islamic Boarding School, Management, Santri and the community around the Islamic Boarding School who were actively involved in the activity process. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews, participatory observation and documentation. Qualitative data analysis techniques are carried out interactively, continuously until they reach completeness so as to obtain saturated data. Activities in data analysis are data reduction, data display and conculsion drawing/verification. The results of this study obtained information that products produced from agroecological activities developed by the At Thoriq Ecology Islamic Boarding School such as herbal teas, beauty products, organic rice, etc. are able to support Islamic boarding school activities so that Islamic boarding schools can be independent.

Islamic boarding schools are one of the educational institutions that are expected to be able to build Islamic character for all students who produce graduates who have various competencies to face various changes in today's era. legality is very much needed by both the world of work or the world of education for pesantren graduates. who have combined religious learning in pesantren with formal education and the quality of pesantren graduates is strongly influenced by the learning process in the pesantren.Therefore, Character Education in Islamic Boarding Schools is very important to balance the existing knowledge in Islamic boarding schools and schools. It is very necessary to research with a focus on character education issues, the objectives are: 1) Knowing the character education and materials developed by the Cipasung Islamic Boarding School and Sukamanah Islamic Boarding School. 2) Knowing the implementation used in the character education process developed by Cipasung and Sukamanah Islamic Boarding Schools. 3) Knowing the results of students' character education graduates who are the result of the education process in Cipasung and Sukamanah modern Islamic boarding schools. The theory that underlies this research is as follows: 1) Love of God and truth, 2) Responsibility, discipline, and independence, 3) Trust, 4) Respect and courtesy, 5) Compassion, care, and cooperation, 6) Trust self, creative, and never give up, 7) Fair and leadership spirit, 8) Kind and humble, 9) Tolerant and peace-loving. Research methods and procedures refer to Qualitative research approach. the location of the research was carried out at the Cipasung Islamic Boarding School and the Sukamanah Islamic Boarding School Tasikmalaya. The main findings of this study are. 1) The goals and materials for character education applied by the Kyai at the Islamic boarding school are Character Education in paternalistic religio education based on religious values that are based on the character of the Prophet Muhammad SAW by setting the goals and content of character education. 2) Implementation of character education developed in Islamic boarding schools, 3) Knowing the results of graduate learning that is applied is totality education by prioritizing the application of all knowledge in daily life and students' perceptions of the character education they experience in Islamic boarding schools. The implications of these findings are: 1) The objectives and materials of religious paternalistic character education by setting the goals and content of character education. 2) the implementation of character education developed in Islamic boarding schools. 3) knowing the results of graduate learning that is applied is totality education by prioritizing the application of all knowledge in everyday life and students' perceptions of the character education they experience in Islamic boarding schools.