Abstract
Cloud computing arouses the need for large-scale data processing which in turn promises vigorous developments on distributed file systems. The performance of the underlying storage nodes determines the performance of the overall system. Emerging byte-addressable Non-volatile memories (NVM) are promising techniques that can greatly improve storage performance. Researchers have already investigated NVM or NVMaware file systems to take advantage of the characteristics of NVM. However, previous researchers usually perform the studies based on simulations or emulations. In this paper, we provide an empirical evaluation of NVM-aware file systems on the first commercially available byte-addressable NVM (i.e., the Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory Module (DCPMM)) We first evaluate the performance of Ext4, XFS, F2FS, Ext4-DAX, XFSDAX, and NOVA file systems on DCPMM, Optane SSD, and NVMe SSD. Then we compare them in terms of throughput and different access patterns. Second, we observe how remote NUMA node access and device mapper striping affect the performance of DCPMM. We anticipate that the experimental results and performance analysis will provide the implications on various memory and storage systems.
Highlights
Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, such as spin–torque transfer memory [1], phase change memory [2], resistive memory [3], and Intel and Micron’s 3DXPoint technology [4] promise to revolutionize I/O performance
In order to understand the performance differences between NVMaware file systems and traditional file systems on NVM devices, we evaluate the performance of NVM-aware file systems and traditional file systems at various workloads on
Because new devices do not always guarantee better results in all cases, in order to help researchers and system designers make better choices about which storage devices to use when designing future systems, we evaluate the performance of these file systems on Intel Optane SSDs [12] and NVMe SSDs to compare the performance differences and characteristics of each file system under different storage devices
Summary
Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, such as spin–torque transfer memory [1], phase change memory [2], resistive memory [3], and Intel and Micron’s 3D. Because new devices do not always guarantee better results in all cases, in order to help researchers and system designers make better choices about which storage devices to use when designing future systems, we evaluate the performance of these file systems on Intel Optane SSDs [12] and NVMe SSDs to compare the performance differences and characteristics of each file system under different storage devices. We obtain the following observations that may be useful for future system design: (1) Direct Access has a significant improvement on file system write performance, but has a smaller impact on read performance. We evaluated and analyzed the performance of file systems on DCPMMs by using file system benchmarks (e.g., FIO [14] and Filebench [15]). We analyze the results of each evaluation in more detail
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