Abstract
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has been widely used as a label-free and rapid characterization method for the analysis of cells in clinical research. However, the related work on exosomes (40–150 nm) and the particles of similar size has not yet been reported. In this study, we developed a new Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) device to rapidly entrap a cluster of sub-micron particles, including polystyrene beads, liposomes, and small extracellular vesicles (exosomes), utilizing an insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) scheme followed by measuring their impedance utilizing an integrated electrical impedance sensor. This technique provides a label-free, fast, and non-invasive tool for the detection of bionanoparticles based on their unique dielectric properties. In the future, this device could potentially be applied to the characterization of pathogenic exosomes and viruses of similar size, and thus, be evolved as a powerful tool for early disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Highlights
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has been desirable for the characterization of various biological entities, including various cell types, waterborne parasites, bacteria, and bacteria spores, since it can be used as a label-free method with minimal sample preparation procedure [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
We have demonstrated that COOH-PS beads, liposomes, and exosomes with sub-micron diameters could be rapidly trapped at the tip of a glass micropipette due to the balance of DEP, EP, and EOF forces [26,27]
The results show that COOH-PS beads and exosomes were differentiated at frequency range ≥ 1 MHz, and COOH-PS beads and liposomes were differentiated at the frequency range ≥ 2 MHz
Summary
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has been desirable for the characterization of various biological entities, including various cell types, waterborne parasites, bacteria, and bacteria spores, since it can be used as a label-free method with minimal sample preparation procedure [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. This technique has been used to differentiate various cell types and to identify abnormal or tumor cells [13,14]. A high applied pressure would be needed to overcome the high resistance of the submicron channel to omit the channel’s blockage by the vesicles
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