An Electrochemical Sensor Based on Carbon Nano-Fragments and β-cyclodextrin Composite-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Determination of Rutin

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor for the determination of rutin using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is developed based on a novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and reduced carbon nano-fragments (re-CNFs) hybrid-modified glassy carbon electrode (β-CD/re-CNFs/GCE). The re-CNFs are synthesized by hydrothermally reducing the oxidized CNF suspension derived from the lithium-intercalated graphite, and then mixed with β-CD and pasted on the GCE. The electrochemical reaction of rutin at the β-CD/re-CNFs/GCE is shown to be a two-electron and two-proton reversible process. Compared to the re-CNFs/GCE and the GCE, the β-CD/re-CNFs/GCE indicates an enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of rutin with about 1.69 and 4.03 times higher current response, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the β-CD/re-CNFs/GCE displays a linear peak current response toward the electrochemical oxidation of rutin in the concentration range of 3 × 10−7 to 1.5 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 9.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 (S/N = 3). In addition, this β-CD/re-CNFs/GCE exhibits other beneficial features including high selectivity, reproducibility and stability, and can be successfully applied to determine rutin in real sample with satisfied recovery.