Abstract
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), characterized as being self-organizing and multihop, consists of a large number of low-power and low-cost nodes. The cooperation among nodes is the foundation for WSNs to achieve the desired functionalities, such as the delivery or forwarding of packets. However, due to the limited resources such as energy, computational availability, and communication capabilities, there may exist some selfish nodes that refuse to cooperate with others. If the critical masses of nodes do not cooperate in the network, the network would not be able to operate to achieve its functional requirements. To resolve the problem above, we introduce a Win-Stay, Lose-Likely-Shift (WSLLS) approach into a Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game framework, and it applies a utility-based function, which is a linear combination of one player's payoff and its neighbors' in a game, to evaluate a player's (i.e., node) performance for a game. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach performs well in stimulating cooperation in different settings under a certain condition with limited information, regardless of the static topologies types of WSNs, initial proportion of cooperation, and the average number of neighbors.
Highlights
Real-world Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a vast number of low-power and low-cost nodes
X-axis denotes the initial proportion of cooperators and the y-axis indicates the final proportion of cooperators. These subfigures exhibit the evolution of cooperation in ringbased WSNs, scale-free-based WSNs, random-based WSNs, fully connected-based WSNs, and small world-based WSNs, respectively
The WSLLS approach, we set the value of μ as 0.6 and the shift probability α as 0.1 in these simulations
Summary
Real-world Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a vast number of low-power and low-cost nodes. In order to maximize their payoffs and reduce their resource consumption at the same time, some nodes in the network begin to act this way instead of forwarding packets in the network [1, 2], the overall WSN will become paralyzed and unable to provide the normal service. The cooperation among nodes is the foundation for WSNs to achieve the desirable functionalities, such as the delivery of packets [5, 6]. There are several literatures that investigate issues such as cooperation and task allocation in Wireless Sensor Network or other networks from a multiagent perspective [5, 7].
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