An ecological study of PM2.5 and black carbon and acute hemorrhagic stroke: a long term effect study

Abstract

Both PM2.5 and black carbon particle are associated with acute ischemic stroke. There is limited data on the correlation of long term effects of PM2.5 and black carbon on acute hemorrhagic stroke with a large sample size. This was an ecological study. Numbers of acute hemorrhagic stroke who were admitted and reimbursed from the national database of Thailand were collected. Data of PM2.5 and black carbon were collected. Poisson regression analysis adjusted by physical factors and regions was used to evaluate the association between PM2.5 and black carbon on acute hemorrhagic stroke. There were 82,389 patients diagnosed as acute hemorrhagic stroke throughout Thailand. The median of PM2.5 of all provinces was 29.19 microgram m−3, while black carbon had the median of 1.17 microgram m−3. PM 2.5 was significantly associated with numbers of acute hemorrhagic stroke with an adjusted coefficient of 0.019 (p < 0.001), while black carbon was also had significant adjusted coefficient of 0.199 (p < 0.001). Both PM2.5 and black carbon particle were associated with acute hemorrhagic stroke in a long term fashion by an ecological study of the national database.