Abstract
Soybean meal-based adhesive is a good wood adhesive mainly due to its renewable, degradable, and environmentally friendly features. To improve the enhancement efficiency for adhesives, diglycidyl resorcinol ether (DRE) containing a benzene ring and flexible chain structure was used as an efficient cross-linker to enhance the adhesive in the study. The physicochemical properties of adhesives, the dry shear strength, and wet shear strength of plywood were measured. Results suggested that DRE reacted with the functional groups of soybean meal adhesive and formed a cross-linking network during hot press process in a ring-opening reaction through a covalent bond. As expected, compared to adhesive control, the soybean meal adhesive with 4 wt% DRE incorporation showed a significant increment in wet shear strength by 227.8% and in dry shear strength by 82.7%. In short, soybean meal adhesive enhanced with DRE showed considerable potential as a wood adhesive for industrial applications.
Highlights
With the progress of society and the economy, issues with nature resources and the environment have become more and more significant, following many difficulties confronted by global development [1,2,3]
While the addition of diglycidyl resorcinol ether (DRE) increased from 0 to 4 wt%, the dry shear strength of plywood prepared with the adhesives improved gradually from 0.98 to 1.79 MPa, which increased by 82.7%
DRE was found to be a prominent reinforcing material to improve the mechanical properties of soybean meal adhesives, forming a tough bond line, and this may broaden soybean meal-based adhesive applications in industry
Summary
With the progress of society and the economy, issues with nature resources and the environment have become more and more significant, following many difficulties confronted by global development [1,2,3]. Biomass wastes and resources, which have attracted worldwide attention recently, are renewable resources that can be severed as a partial replacement for fossil resources to synthesize the adhesives or be used as the main raw materials to prepare wood adhesives [8,9,10,11]. Biomass resources, such as soy protein [12], cotton protein [13], lignin [14,15], and starch [16,17], have become new alternatives to prepare wood adhesives and have the potential for industrial applications. Notwithstanding the good potential of soybean meals as adhesives for wood bonding, the major drawback is the low water resistance, which restricts its industrial applications
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