Abstract
neutrophilgelatinase-associated lipocalin is currently one of the most interesting and enigmatic proteins involved in the development of malignancies. In this study, we found that the expression of neutrophilgelatinase-associated lipocalin was up-regulated in endometrial cancer tissues and cell lines, significantly increased in early-grade ones, suggesting it may serve as a biomarker for early-stage screening for endometrial carcinoma. Moreover, neutrophilgelatinase-associated lipocalin was up-regulated in Ishikawa cells under going epithelio-mesenchymal transition induced by epidermal growth factor (5 ng/ml). Up-regulation of neutrophilgelatinase-associated lipocalin may correlate with the down-regulation of E-cadherin expression, up-regulation of Vimentin expression, enhanced cell migration, invasion and proliferation, which are the typical hallmarks of epithelio-mesenchymal transition processes. neutrophilgelatinase-associated lipocalin may play a dual role during tumorigenetic and developmental processes of endometrial carcinoma. These results suggested neutrophilgelatinase-associated lipocalin to be a potential molecular target in the early diagnosis and treatment of endometrial carcinoma. Further studies are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms behind the expression and function of neutrophilgelatinase-associated lipocalin and epithelio-mesenchymal transition.
Highlights
Worldwide, Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the commonest malignancies in the female genital tract [1, 2]
Immunohistochemical Staining indicated that Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) immunoreactivity was not evident in normal endometrial glands or stroma nor the myometrium in proliferative phase and secretory phase (Figure 1A)
Our previous study have revealed that the expression of NGAL was increased in neoplastic endometria especially in early grade endometiral tumors, while lack in proliferative and secretory phases of normal endometria, suggesting that the protein is oncogenic [29] (Figure 1)
Summary
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the commonest malignancies in the female genital tract [1, 2]. EC is a highly curable malignancy with the overall 5-year survival more than 80% [3], its specific morbidity is increasing rapidly accompanying longer life expectancy [4], an epidemic of obesity [5], physical inactivity and sedentary behavior [6], diabetes mellitus [7] and arterial hypertension [8]. The solution structure of NGAL comprises a β-barrel formed by eight β-strands. This β-barrel works as a calyx binding and transporting ions as well as small hydrophobic molecules, including the bacterial irontrafficking siderophore enterochelin from Gram negative bacteria, bacillibactin from Gram positive. NGAL can improve tubule repair caused by AKI by promoting the formation of renal distal tubular and collecting ducts
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