An Early Increase in cGMP Follows Fertilization of Sea Urchin Eggs

Abstract

It has been proposed that both inositol trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors contribute to the Ca signal generated at fertilization of the sea urchin egg. Pharmacological studies indicate that cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose (cADPr) is the endogenous modulator of Ca release by the ryanodine-like receptor in eggs and that cADPR cyclase, the enzyme responsible for cADPR synthesis, can be stimulated by 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Also, recent results show that the gaseous transmitter nitric oxide (NO) releases calcium in eggs via a mechanism linked to cGMP and cADPR production. Results reported here show that fertilization induces a rapid and transient increase in the intracellular concentration of cGMP. This increase occurs during the latent period, before the major increase in cytoplasmic free calcium (Cai), consistent with the hypothesis that cGMP production may play a key role in the Ca signal seen at fertilization.