Abstract
To address the difficulties related to acquiring Japanese compound verbs, which lack the clarity of verb combinations and the opacity of compound verb meanings, we designed and developed an augmented reality (AR) learning system based on image schema and AR animations. We investigated the effects of the AR-based language learning system developed in this study on the learning performance and cognitive load of an AR learning system and paper-based image schema materials. This study also examined the correlation between learning performance and cognitive load. Learners of these two learning methods had significantly improved performance on post-tests. Especially, regarding the retention of knowledge, the AR learning system was more effective. However, there was no significant difference in the perceived cognitive loads between the two learning methods. It is also found that the learning performance of the two learning methods was related to the perceived different types of cognitive load.
Highlights
In recent years, the need for non-Japanese people to learn the Japanese language has spread in the world, for the purposes of tourism, studying abroad, and seeking employment in Japan
We employed an augmented reality (AR) compound verb learning system based on image schema and AR animations to support learners in acquiring compound verbs
Conclusions and future work In this study, we designed and developed an AR learning system based on image schema for acquiring Japanese compound verbs
Summary
The need for non-Japanese people to learn the Japanese language has spread in the world, for the purposes of tourism, studying abroad, and seeking employment in Japan. According to the Survey on Japanese-Language Education Abroad (The Japan Foundation, 2019), the number of learners of Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) has increased by 30.2 times from 1979 to 2018. Mandarin and Korean are two languages in which two verbs can be combined to form a compound verb; there are compound verbs in Japanese (Isobe, Okabe, & Kido, 2018). The compound verb yobi-kakeru is formed from the single verbs yobu and kakeru. The single verb yobu means “call” and kakeru means “hang”, the meanings of compound verb yobi-kakeru are “call out” and “urge”. We will refer to the first single verb
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