An Assessment of the Environmental and Public Health Consequences of Improper Waste Disposal Management in Ogbomoso, Oyo State

In the past decades, management of waste in the form of liquid, solid and gaseous state had been the problem a lot of West African countries have been facing as well as the whole world. Management of solid waste as a major problem encountered on waste management, this is because, the solid form of most waste, can change to liquid form, from liquid into gaseous state depending on the external temperature (heat) that acts on them. Wastes are regarded as an unwanted substance, unusable materials, which have no use. The increase in Population, development and technological advancement is what brought about urbanization, which has been increasing on a fast scale recently. Rapid population growth increase in the urban area has resulted in challenges in infrastructures and many land degradation. The fast level of factory growth as well as industrialization in this community increases the standards of living which have significantly accelerated greatly in a developing country like the Gambia. Recently, increase in municipality in quantity and composition, constitute an impact in the market that affects human health. This study was carried out to analyze the effects and management of municipal solid waste generation and disposal in public on human health in Serrekunda market, to ascertain the awareness level of Serrekunda residents living close to Serrekunda market municipality and to know if the residents at Serrekunda market municipality have protective mechanisms to protect themselves against external mechanical hazards, damage caused by improper waste arrangement and management. This research is based on a descriptive survey method design. The randomly arranged sampling technique is used to obtain a representative of 220 participants from a targeted population of males and females in Serrekunda, the research also employs simple percentage for the analysis. The highest agreed mean percentage recorded is 46.4% against disagreed mean of 3.6% on No health hazards associated with improper waste disposal that has ever affected anybody in Serrekunda, and I am not aware that improper waste disposal that causes neurological disorder had low agreed percentage response of 10% and disagree response percent of 40%. It was found that majority of the respondents are not aware of the health hazards of improper waste disposal management and its effects on climate change. The statistical package (t-test) is used to test the significant level. The t-test showed insignificant difference in the critical value, hence Null Hypothesis (HO) is accepted (P > 0.05).

The pursuit of effective strategies for implementing environmental protection regulations towards sustainable waste management in Oyo State is a critical challenge. The state amidst its burgeoning population and economic activities, grapples with the generation of substantial waste, emphasizing the urgency for robust waste management strategies and the absence of comprehensive and well-executed waste management initiatives in the state poses a serious threat to the ecosystem, public health, and overall environmental sustainability. Therefore the study assessed strategies for the implementation of environmental protection regulations towards sustainable waste management in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study unit was drawn from the Oyo State Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Oyo State Waste Management Authority, Mottainai Recycling Limited Ibadan, and the Oyo State Local Government Environmentalist. The population for this study was 369, while the sample size was 191 derived using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size determination formula. An in-depth interview was conducted to complement respondents’ opinions. Findings from the study showed that Oyo State has approved the establishment of dumpsites, awareness campaigns and educational programs focused on environmental conservation in the state. The study also revealed that there is implementation of penalties and fines for improper waste disposal. The study recommends that the Oyo State Government should establish a recycling plant to facilitate the conversion of waste into valuable resources and enhance robust public awareness and education campaigns, including the strengthening and enforcement of waste management regulations with stiff penalties for violations, to deter illegal dumping and improper waste disposal.

Improper medical waste disposal poses significant environmental and health risks. Investigation on its impact, focusing on factors like healthcare facility type, worker training, and waste management infrastructure is crucial. To assess the relationship between improper waste disposal and environmental health outcomes is the main aim of this research. Surveys were conducted with 150 healthcare workers and 50 waste management personnel across local hospitals and clinics to gather data on disposal practices and health impacts. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 28 to explore relationships between variables, including healthcare facility type, training level, infrastructure, regulatory enforcement, and waste segregation practices, impacting environmental health outcomes. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis, highlighting key factors influencing improper disposal. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize and present key characteristics of the dataset, such as frequencies, means, and standard deviations, offering an overview of the sample's demographic details and waste disposal practices. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between variables like environmental health outcomes (e.g., pollution levels). Multiple regression analysis showed strong correlations between waste segregation practices and environmental health outcomes (p < 0.05). Improper medical waste disposal poses significant environmental health risks, with insufficient training and infrastructure identified as major contributors. Policy changes and improved waste management practices are recommended.

An important problem faced by many societies across the world is unhealthy disposal of solid wastes. Knowledge, attitude, practices of people plays a crucial role as their view point is extremely vital in providing solutions to future environmental problems. A cross sectional study was conducted among the households of Kuttar and Manjanadi villages and a sample of 120 households were studied. Majority had a good knowledge about the ill effects of improper solid waste disposal and that 82.5% said collectively that it causes disease, unpleasant odour, unpleasant site and rodent nuisance. Majority of them had a positive attitude towards solid waste disposal and 98.3% felt that improper solid waste removal and disposal effects environment. Regarding household waste disposal practice it was found to be unsatisfactory as 78 households disposed of household wastes by just throwing away outside the house. Strict surveillance, supervision and timely removal for disposal of solid waste by management are the key factors in reducing environmental hazards.

This study examines the waste management practices and their impact on environmental sustainability in Lucban, Quezon, focusing on the compliance and challenges encountered by vendors, and Local Government Units (LGUs) in implementing waste management strategies. Given the increasing concerns about improper waste disposal and its harmful impacts on health and the environment, the study also evaluates the compliance levels in waste collection, segregation, disposal, transport, prevention, and reduction. Data were gathered through surveys, and field observations, yielding significant insights into the effectiveness of existing policies, community behaviors, and infrastructure support. The findings reveal high compliance in waste collection, segregation, and disposal practices, highlighting the role of well-established policies such as RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act) and strong community participation. However, challenges such as scattered waste caused by stray animals, inadequate waste collection infrastructure, and inconsistent policy implementation were identified. The study emphasizes the need for policy enhancements, public awareness campaigns, and improved waste management infrastructure to address these gaps. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating circular economy principles, community engagement, and innovative waste management solutions to achieve sustainability goals. Recommendations include strengthening LGU-led campaigns, improving waste segregation systems, incentivizing eco-friendly practices, and fostering partnerships between stakeholders to ensure long-term environmental benefits. These efforts align with global sustainable development goals and contribute to minimizing the ecological footprint of waste in Lucban, Quezon.

Inappropriate waste disposal constitutes a serious challenge globally, particularly in low- and middle-income nations such as Nigeria. This review explores the multifaceted challenges of waste disposal in Nigeria, highlighting issues such as inadequate infrastructure, deficient waste collection services, and a general lack of awareness regarding proper waste management practices. The health burden stemming from improper waste disposal is substantial, encompassing risks such as the spread of infectious diseases, respiratory complications from waste incineration, and the proliferation of pests and vermin. The significance of this review lies in its comprehensive examination of these critical issues, providing valuable insights that could guide policy-makers, health professionals, and the general public in addressing the waste management crisis effectively. The Health Belief Model emerges as a potential framework for understanding and mitigating these challenges, suggesting that by enhancing awareness about the health risks associated with improper waste disposal and promoting the advantages of proper waste management, individuals can be motivated to adopt healthier practices. In conclusion, immediate sustainable waste management practices are crucial for Nigeria to address the health implications of inadequate waste disposal, promote environmental sustainability, and improve public health through awareness campaigns.

The rapid urban growth and lack of effective public policies have exacerbated the problem of improper disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), directly impacting environmental quality and public health. This study aims to analyze the environmental impacts of improper solid waste disposal in the Flores neighborhood of Manaus, AM, correlating residents' perceptions with the geographical distribution of waste dumping sites. The methodology involves collecting primary data through surveys with the local population and using geoprocessing techniques to map improper disposal sites. The results indicate that the absence of selective waste collection and deficiencies in urban infrastructure are key factors contributing to the persistence of the problem. It was found that improper waste disposal occurs both in high-density urban areas and peripheral regions, affecting soil and water quality. As a conclusion, the study suggests the implementation of public policies focused on environmental education, stricter enforcement, and improved infrastructure for proper waste disposal, ensuring a more sustainable and efficient waste management system.

Background: An antibiotic is described as a material that is either manufactured or generated by a single microbe and, at low quantities, may either kill or hinder the development of other organisms. They are still used worldwide to treat and prevent illnesses in clinical and veterinary care. The antibiotic waste can include any dosage form that has been used, unused, stored, etc. Antibiotic abuse and improper waste disposal have an impact on both the environment and people. Objective: The understanding of antibiotics, typical waste management techniques, and raising awareness of accessible trash treatment facilities and disposal techniques among the general public in various Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, locations formed the basis of this survey. Methods: A comprehensive analysis, including various regions of Yamunanagar (a city in Haryana) is conducted. Quantitative research results from the systematic examination that yielded the numerical data were collected, analyzed, and reported in this manuscript. Results: The current survey highlights the key trends of antibiotics usage, their waste management disposal habits, and awareness among respondents of Yamuna Nagar. Almost 80 % of respondents completed their antibiotic course within the last 6 months while 60 % have unused medications at home due to non-completion of the course or keeping them for future use. More than 50 % shared, or thought of sharing antibiotics with others. Further, only 6.3% of respondents always seek advice from healthcare professionals before taking antibiotics. only 12%-24.3% reported receiving proper education regarding the storage and disposal of antibiotics from healthcare professionals. 34.3% of respondents have information regarding the disposal of antibiotic waste management. Further data revealed that people have awareness regarding the potential of improper antibiotic waste disposal to the environment but lack knowledge regarding proper disposal techniques. Further, this manuscript also tends to spread awareness of which impact on the environment, different methods of disposal, along with most closest Common Biomedical Waste Treatment Facilities (CBWTFs) were chosen by the respondents. Conclusion: Despite having awareness regarding the negative impacts of incorrect antibiotic waste disposal on the environment and public health, the majority of respondents keep them in their homes and dispose in ordinary household trash. There is a lack of appropriate medication disposal practices and attitudes. The majority of respondents agreed that there is a need for greater awareness regarding the safe disposal of medications. Some strategies that have been proposed include training healthcare professionals to advise patients about proper disposal while prescribing, using social media advertisements, utilizing QR codes on medication packaging, labeling medications with instructions on how to dispose of them, etc

Background: Soil contamination by trace metals as a result of improper waste management and disposal in Ibadan, Nigeria has been evaluated in this study. Several studies have shown the link between trace metal soil contamination and improper solid waste disposal. Methods: Soil samples were taken from two major landfills in Ibadan, in the south-west of Nigeria, and subjected to laboratory analysis using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as part of a wider study to evaluate the waste management practices in the city. Results: The results of this investigation, without taking into account the background values of the trace metals at both landfill sites, showed that the quantified levels of lead at both sites exceeded threshold levels. The quantified values of zinc and copper metals exceeded the threshold levels specified in the Finnish government decree on the assessment of soil contamination and remediation needs, at 1098 mg/kg and 233.20 mg/kg in the Aba-Eku landfill site, and 1205 mg/kg and 476.55 mg/kg in the Lapite landfill site, respectively. This calls for a comprehensive risk assessment. Conclusions: It is hoped that the results of this study will serve as a basis for a wider risk assessment of all landfill sites within the city.

Waste disposal and management is a disturbing issue in most developing countries. Domestic waste generation in most Nigerian cities has increased prodigiously and management of waste in the country is not satisfactory; despite environmental sanitation programme adopted by government. Most parts of Ijebu-Ode are not covered by any institutionally organized waste management service; hence waste disposal and management issues have become a point of discourse in recent time. This was based on the health implication of improper waste disposal and management on the city dwellers. This study examined the factors influencing household participation in waste disposal and management. It was conducted in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, through a survey of 385 respondents using stratified and simple random sampling technique. Analysis revealed that there is a low level of household awareness about the environmental implications of improper domestic waste disposal and management in the city. It also reveals significant relationships between socio-economic variables and participation in domestic waste disposal and management. The study concluded that there is need for environmental education, particu larly on waste disposal and mana gement approach towards improving the household participation in domestic waste disposal and management in the city.

This study examined solid waste management practices in higher educational institutions within the Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. The study was conducted in three higher institutions, namely: Joseph Saawuan Tarkaa University, Makurdi; Benue State University, Makurdi; and Alfred Akawe Torkula Polytechnic, Makurdi. The study sampled 395 respondents covering all the solid waste generators (students, staff and school mini-market operators) using simple random and purposive sampling procedures. Descriptive statistical method such as frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis were employed in data analysis. The result revealed that the majority of respondents were male (69.9%), falling predominantly within the 18-40 age bracket (82.0%), and unmarried (70.7%). A substantial portion of respondents had educational backgrounds of NCE/ND or secondary school certificates (39.4% and 31.5% respectively), with 70.7% still actively pursuing their education and 71.0% earning less than or equal to N30,000.00 per month on average. Solid waste generating entities were identified, with school mini-markets (labour markets) being the primary contributors (37.7%), followed by offices/lecture halls (34.7%), students’ hostels (28.6%), and general school premises (26.8%). The dominant types of solid waste generated included organic waste such as food remnants (81.2%), papers (67.1%), and plastic waste (64.6%). The municipal waste management authority, BENSESA, was found to be directly responsible for managing 58.5% of the solid waste in the study area, while 20.07% and 17.1% indicated that solid waste was managed by contractors hired by the selected institutions and institutions’ waste management departments/units respectively. Regarding waste storage and collection facilities, 46.0% of respondents reported that their institutions lacked such facilities, and 61.0% mentioned waste being dumped at open temporary dumpsites. Waste collection and disposal services were also found to be lacking, with 35.1% indicating that their institutions did not have these services. The most prevalent methods of solid waste disposal were open dumping (75.3%) and burning (61.3%), indicating suboptimal waste management practices. Inadequate service coverage from BENSESA was identified as a major challenge with a mean score of 4.30. In conclusion, this study highlights the inadequate solid waste management practices in higher educational institutions in Makurdi Metropolis, resulting in uncollected and improperly disposed waste. This poses significant health and environmental risks to residents of these campuses. The study recommends several measures to address these issues, including the establishment and enforcement of waste segregation programmes, improving waste collection and disposal services, conducting awareness campaigns, enforcing waste management policies, and investing in waste disposal infrastructure.

Management of wastes which is a part of the daily activities of man is an important aspect of environmental management. Over the years, there have been concerted efforts made towards adequately solving the problems created by improper waste management and disposal in Nigeria cities. This study, appraises environmental management in cities; a perspective from the Ondo state Waste Management Authority (OSWMA) Akure. The broad objectives of this study are to identify types of wastes managed by OSWMA, describe the attitude and role of residents (household) toward solid waste management, and examine the possible constraints faced by OSWMA, Akure in the discharge of their duties. Samples were drawn from the total number of OSWMA staff and clients served by the authority in the core, transition and peripheral districts of Akure. 53 questionnaires were administered to the staff representing 10% of the total number of staff while 324 questionnaires representing 1% of residents were administered, collated and analyzed using SPSS version 19. The results of the analysis, revealed that majority (81.1%) of the staff respondents opined that the type of waste managed by the Authority is solid waste; using the door to door method of solid waste collection as submitted by 54.5% of the staff. On the other hand, majority of the households’ respondents (81.4%) expressed willingness to pay for service rendered by the authority. Findings also revealed that poor funding was the main constraints faced by the authority. The study therefore recommends proper funding, provision of equipment and facilities needed for smooth running of the authority in order to ensure effective collection and management of waste in the study area.

Background: Inappropriate solid waste management produced in the course of human activities has serious problems for the environment that adversely affect the health of the human population. Thus, towns and cities in developing countries like Ethiopia face environmental health and aesthetic problems resulting from improper management of solid waste disposal. Uncontrolled waste management may also contribute to the transmission of communicable diseases from different systems as well as encourage fly breading, which has nuisance effects in addition to disease transmission. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of solid waste management systems in households in Darge sub-city, East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using systematic random sampling techniques from February 1st to February 15th, 2022. Data was collected from 278 households using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. After data collection, data analysis was performed using SPSS computer software version 22.0. Results: The study showed that 67.3% had good knowledge, 65.86% had a positive attitude, and 63.3% had good practice in solid waste management (SWM). Among the households, 12.6% and 42.1% dispose of solid waste in open fields and open disposal pits, respectively. The perceived reason for improper solid waste disposal was a lack of awareness (55.4%) and a shortage of a place for solid waste disposal (30.6%). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, and practice of households in the study area need improvement according to standards for towns and sub-cities. Increasing knowledge, changing attitudes, and improving practice in SWM using the existing structure are recommended.

Rapid urbanization in developing countries leads to a dramatic increase in solid waste production, with serious socio-economic and ecological impacts. In order to avoid the associated hazards, particularly those related to human health and the environment, solid waste management is indispensable. Disposal of municipal waste that predominantly comprises household and commercial refuse has become a daunting task for local governments and municipalities of Pakistan. Issues related to both inadequacy of service delivery and inappropriate disposal signify that waste management should be high on the local environment policy agenda. In particular, the external cost of waste management is high, and cost recovery of refuse collection may cause the exclusion of many households and additional costs on the households that avail themselves of the service. In this study, we carried out an evaluation of the health damage caused by improper waste disposal in a sample of heterogeneous households. The study shows a framework for evaluating the damages caused by inadequate waste management practices. The results indicate that irregular disposal in the vicinity of residents causes illness: respondents living within 100 m are more vulnerable to malaria, dengue, and asthma than those living more than 500 m away. Moreover, the findings highlight that households lack knowledge of waste hazards and 75.9% of waste is not segregated. We suggest a subsidized waste collection and disposal service provided either by the local government or by outsourcing.

Air pollution has been a major challenge worldwide particularly in the developing world. Improper waste disposal and management may result in microbial air pollution. In advanced countries, landfill sites are far from neighborhoods; however, the opposite is observed for landfill sites in the developing world. In Accra, some landfill sites are 100 meters from neighborhoods. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial air quality and associated environmental health hazards of landfill sites in selected districts in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. A random sampling method was employed to select sampling sites across the dry and wet seasons from landfills and their corresponding neighborhoods. Results obtained showed a higher total count (CFU/m3) of bacteria and fungi in the air at the landfill sites than neighborhoods. Statistically significant variation (p < 0.05) in bacterial and fungal concentrations over two seasons was found for both landfills and neighborhoods. However, bacterial concentrations were significantly higher than fungal concentrations (p < 0.05) across seasons for all locations. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the highest (15.6 %) occurring microbe at both landfill sites and neighborhoods. This was followed by Staphylococcus aureus (12.7%). Other bacteria and fungi of public health importance such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger were also isolated from the study sites, above the WHO recommended levels. In conclusion, the landfill waste disposal and its close proximity to neighborhoods as observed in this study pose a potential environmental health risk, with dire implications for public health and safety. The government must enact and implement policies to regulate waste management and to ensure public safety.