Abstract
Flow analyses which were performed to design a new runner for upgrading existing Kaplan turbines are presented. The reliability of quasi-three dimensional flow analysis is confirmed by comparison with the measured flow pattern using a two focus laser velocimeter. Then the flow distribution at the runner inlet is investigated numerically at the best efficiency point and at the full load point. The strong effect of flow distortion due to the curvature of the meridional flow channel are discussed. The design concepts of a new runner adaptable to the existing turbines are presented and indicate that the new runner should generate the pertinent swirl flow to the existing draft tube and that the leakage through the runner tip clearance should be decreased. The performance of the new runner designed with the concept concerned is shown to be a great improvement on the existing one.
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