An ant lion optimizer based cellular automata model considering economic factors for simulating the change of rural settlement

Revealing the patterns and influencing mechanisms of spatial and temporal distribution of rural settlements is crucial for rural revitalization and sustainable development. However, our limited understanding of the rural settlements in China's ethnic minority border areas has hindered the process of their agricultural and rural modernization. Based on data on rural settlements in Inner Mongolia, China in four periods between 1990 and 2020, this study reveals its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and describes the dynamic transformation process of settlement. Using a geographical detector approach, 17 factors are explored to identify the influencing mechanisms of each factor on the distribution of rural settlements in different regions. The results show obvious regional differences in the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Inner Mongolia, with the largest kernel density values in the west (Hetao irrigation area) and higher kernel densities in the central (Hohhot) and the east (Chifeng and Tongliao). While rural population decreases, rural settlements expand into cultivated land, grassland, and unused land resources. Its spatial distribution is significantly influenced by the factors of distance to cultivated land, distance to towns, and population density. The east of the study area is mainly controlled by temperature, while vegetation type and vegetation coverage have a greater impact in the west. The interactions between two influencing factors possess bilinear or nonlinear enhancement relationships. This study enriches the understanding of the rural settlements in ethnic minority border areas, which provide reference for the improvement of rural human settlement environment in Inner Mongolia.

Relevance. With the rapid industrialization and continuous socio-economic progress of Russia, the spatial distribution of rural settlements is undergoing significant changes. The globalization of the economy, regional differences, changes in agriculture and the characteristics of villages, as well as the sustainable recovery of rural social economy are becoming important areas of research around the world. The purpose of the study is to search for opportunities for the development of rural settlements in the Tambov region based on their spatial distribution. Objectives: analysis of the density of rural settlements and population density; calculation of the average nearest neighbor ratio for each district and the Tambov region as a whole; formation of measures for the economic development of rural settlements of the Tambov region. The methodology of the study includes an analysis of the density of rural settlements and population density, determining the type of distribution of rural settlements in the Tambov region through the calculation of the average distance index to the nearest neighbor. Results. A combined grouping of village councils of the Tambov region was carried out according to the density of rural settlements and population density. The vast majority of rural councils belong to the group with an average density of settlements and a low population density (143 units), as well as to the group with two low indicators (69 units). For rural settlements of the Tambov region, the average ratio of nearest neighbors (R) was 0,733, which indicates a clustered type of distribution of settlements in the region. Conclusions. Based on the type of distribution of rural settlements in the Tambov region, the author proposed a model of a territorial production complex (TPC). The model was developed taking into account the categories of the population living in rural areas of the Tambov region. This model is based on a group of manufacturing enterprises, often farms, which are the foundation of the TPC.

Rural settlement is the core content of rural geography research. Exploring the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements can provide reference for the optimization of rural settlements. This paper selected Nanjing as a typical case, based on remote sensing image, using R statistics, kernel density analysis, hot spot detection analysis and semi variogram function; the paper analyzed the spatial, scale and morphological distribution characteristics of rural settlements; and preliminarily analyzed the influencing factors of rural settlements distribution in the metropolitan fringe area. The results showed that: (1) The spatial distribution of rural settlements generally presented a “multi-core” center, and a spatial distribution trend of stepwise decline from the core to the periphery, showing a typical “core-edge” structure. (2) There was a significant spatial difference in the scale distribution of rural settlements, which was characterized by a gradual decrease in the scale of rural settlements with the increase in the distance from the central urban area. (3) The morphological distribution of rural settlements showed spatial differentiation, and the morphological types of settlements mainly included strip, arcbelt, cluster and scatter. (4) The distribution of rural settlements was affected by such factors as terrain, river system, traffic, economic and social development, cultural and policy. The distribution of rural settlements had the location orientation of “low altitude, water affinity and road affinity”. The increase in agricultural population, rural economic development, cultural and policy factors played an important role in the distribution of rural settlements in the metropolitan fringe area.

With the acceleration of urbanization and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the spatial pattern of rural settlements in China has changed significantly. The suitability of rural settlements is a requirement for rural revitalization. The objective of this paper is to quantitatively depict, analyze, and evaluate the suitability of rural settlements in karst mountain areas to eliminate poverty and accelerate the process of new urbanization by constructing rural settlements. Taking 525 rural settlements in Songtao Miao Autonomous County, Guizhou Province, in the karst mountainous area as the research object, the distribution of rural settlements is studied using point mode spatial analysis and neighborhood analysis. The impacts of natural and regional environmental factors are detected using Geodetector. To make the evaluation results more scientific and reasonable, a suitability evaluation model based on Geodetector and AHP was constructed to solve the subjective problem of the weight assignment of the AHP method and reflect the interaction between the influencing factors. The results demonstrate the following. (1) The variation coefficient of the Thiessen polygon area in the Voronoi diagram shows that the spatial distribution of rural settlements is mainly random. The spatial distribution of kernel density in rural settlements presents multiple nuclear centers, with obvious spatial differentiation, with Changping Township being the densest and Waxi Township the sparsest. (2) Rural settlements are mainly distributed below a 15° slope, 800 m above sea level, within 6 km from rivers, 4 km from roads, and 7 km from the township center. Slope and distance from the river are the main driving forces of spatial differentiation. The spatial distribution of rural settlement areas is affected by natural and regional environmental factors, and the interaction between slope and distance from the river is the strongest explanatory power. (3) The results of suitability evaluation show that 87.40% of the rural settlement areas are categorized as “suitable” and “relatively suitable” for living. The “suitable” rural settlement areas are mainly concentrated in the hilly and low mountain areas and river valleys, with relatively gentle terrain in the middle and east, distributed in two north–south trending strips. The “relatively suitable” rural settlements are mainly scattered in the surrounding livable areas. This study could provide a reference for the planning and reconstruction of rural residential areas in karst mountain areas and expand the research means of suitability evaluation of rural residential areas, and it is applicable to other settings.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于RS与GIS的农村居民点空间变化特征与景观格局影响研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201307291976 作者: 作者单位: 四川师范大学 西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室,四川师范大学 西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室,四川师范大学,四川师范大学 西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41301196）；国家社会科学基金项目（11XJY019）；国家973项目（2009CB421105） A study of spatial evolution characteristics of rural settlements and influences of landscape patterns on their distribution using GIS and RS Author: Affiliation: Key Lab of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest,Ministry of Education,Sichuan Normal University,Key Lab of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest,Ministry of Education,Sichuan Normal University,,Key Lab of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest,Ministry of Education,Sichuan Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:农村居民点作为乡村地域空间人口聚居形态，是乡村聚落景观重要组成部分，其空间布局、演变特征受自然、社会、经济多重因素的影响。利用都江堰市2005年和2010年两期遥感影像提取农村居民点、坡度、道路、河流等矢量数据，借助RS、GIS空间分析技术，定量研究都江堰市农村居民点的空间变化过程、格局和趋势，并选取景观格局指数对影响农村居民点布局特征的因素进行深入分析。结果表明：（1）2005年和2010年都江堰市农村居民点的空间分布总体上均表现出显著的聚集趋势，2010年农村居民点的聚集程度要比2005年高，但居民点集聚的空间态势没有发生明显变化，仍然集中在都江堰市的东南部；（2）坡度、道路和河流对都江堰市农村居民点的布局有显著影响，其中超过80%的居民点分布在0-10°坡度范围内，超过50%的居民点分布在道路500 m范围内，近60%居民点分布在河流1000 m范围内；（3）农村居民点空间布局除了受地形因素影响外，还与国家级风景名胜区、世界文化遗产区等保护政策，农村土地综合整治和灾后重建等规划因素密切相关。该研究以期为农村居民点动态变化监测、农村土地整理效果评价、新农村规划等理论和实践提供重要决策参考和技术支撑。 Abstract:Forms of human habitation within rural settlements are a major component of rural landscapes. The spatial patterns and evolutionary characteristics of rural settlements are influenced by multiple factors, including natural, social, and economic elements. It is, therefore, important not only to properly identify and assess the spatial distribution patterns and evolutionary modes of rural settlements, but also to uncover causative laws and influential factors behind their evolution. This can facilitate scientific rural planning and enhance optimal distribution of urban and rural land resources. Our study is based on a series of digitalized vector data, including the locations of rural settlements, land slopes, rivers, and road networks obtained from remote sensing (RS) images of the city of Dujiangyan in Sichuan Province for 2005 and 2010. We applied analytical techniques derived from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and RS to quantitatively analyze the processes, patterns, and trends of spatial evolution in rural settlements. Specifically, we explored landscape pattern indexes to examine in depth the factors influencing the distribution characteristics of rural settlements in the study area. Our results showed that: 1) In general, while there was significant clustering in the spatial distribution of rural settlements in Dujiangyan during both 2005 and 2010, this settlement pattern was even more significant in 2010. Along with an increase in the spatial scale, the degree of the clustering tendency also increased, reaching a maximum value at a scale of 13 km. 2) The presence of land slopes, roads, and rivers significantly influenced the distribution of rural settlements in Dujiangyan as evidenced by the following findings. More than 80% of settlements were located in areas with slopes of less than 10 degrees; over 50% of settlements were located within 500 m from a road network; and almost 60% were distributed within 1000 m of a river. 3) In 2005 as well as 2010, there was no obvious change in the concentrated locations of clusters, which were consistently found in the southeastern region of Dujiangyan City. However, during both time periods, fewer settlements were found in the townships of Hongkou, Longchi, and Qingcheng Mountain. The reason for this imbalance in the spatial distribution of rural settlements was that besides the influence by natural factors such as the landscape, the distribution patterns of rural settlements in Dujiangyan were also closely associated with several planning elements. These included a policy of protecting national regions of scenic interest and a World Cultural Heritage site located in the city, the rural land comprehensive consolidation projects and post-earthquake reconstruction planning. 4) Based on the above findings on factors that influence the distribution of rural settlements, our research suggests that comprehensive consideration of topographical and geological conditions is required for optimal adjustment of rural settlement patterns. Scientific planning procedures can promote the relocation of rural residents from villages to townships and urban areas, and help to lessen disruption in environmentally protected regions. They can also reinforce the effective use of land resources and increase land supporting capabilities. We expect our research to provide a methodological reference for similar research conducted in the future. It can also provide a theoretical and practical reference for rural land-related decision-making and technical support, for example, dynamic monitoring of changes in rural settlements, assessments of rural land consolidation, and the "New Socialist Countryside" rural planning policy. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Based on land use classification data of remote sensing images, using kernel density, the minimal cumulative resistance model of road traffic accessibility, and a logistic regression model, the characteristics of the spatial pattern and the main factors influencing it were quantitatively examined in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 2013. The framework of the research concerning rural settlement evolution and its effect mechanisms were also discussed and generalized for the future. The results are as follows: (1) The spatial distribution of rural settlements showed spatial directivity of low altitude, low slope, and adjacent to rivers, as well as to villages and towns; thus a special pattern was formed, which was dense on the plains, sparse in mountainous areas, and included two core high density regions of rural settlements in the Chaoshan plain in the east and the Zhanjiang plain tableland region in the west. The spatial distribution of rural settlements was located along the rivers, valleys, and roads with traffic in the mountainous regions surrounding the Pearl River Delta region. (2) In addition to the spatial orientation of the open road, it was important to show that the accessibility of road traffic to the township has had the greatest influence on the spatial distribution of the rural settlements. The connected transport network between towns and villages is significant for rural transformation as a comprehensive increase in township production and service capacity will be the key to optimizing the town-village system in rural areas. (3) Elevation and slope were two basic but influential factors that have affected the distribution, scale, and form of rural settlements. The attributes of the physical geography are the first elements in optimizing village layout and planning spatial reconstruction. (4) In the current Internet and social media era, the reconstruction of market network system orders connects with the global market network system in rural areas. The rural life service circle will be constructed with the township at its core to explore the theory and practice of spatial reconstruction, including its production, life and ecology, and socio-cultural heritage and protection. It will also allow for exploration of the rural settlements’ evolution, rural spatial production, rural social networks, group behavior, social autonomy, and social and cultural fields, which will be the core focus of China’s rural spatial reconstruction research against a background of globalization.

Spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements under diversified rural production functions: A case of Taizhou, China

The rural settlement is one of important aspects to understand regional human-environment relationships. Zhangjiakou city, located in the poverty belt around Beijing and Tianjin, was used as an example to analyze the evolution of rural settlements during 1985–2010 through the use of statistical and spatial analysis methods. The results demonstrate the following: (1) the area of rural settlements expanded from 665.76 to 928.14 km2 during 1985–2010. Rural settlements in prefecture city of Zhangjiakou were significantly agglomerated in terms of their spatial distribution, which presented an approximately normal distribution over the entire period. Rural settlements were usually distributed within regions where the terrain niche had an elevation of between 900 and 1500 m, and a slope from 5° to 20°; (2) there were significant regional differences in the density and size distribution of rural settlements in Zhangjiakou. The density of rural settlements in 2010 was higher than that in 1985, while there was a clustered distribution of rural settlements in 2010. There was a significant high value cluster in the size distribution, and a local negative correlation between the size and density distribution of rural settlements in Zhangjiakou; (3) rural economic development, investment in agricultural technology, and infrastructure improvement played important roles in the evolution of rural settlements. There were spatial differences in the relationship between the distribution of rural settlements and socio-economic factors in Zhangjiakou. This study provides practical guidance for the achievement of urban and rural integration development and the promotion of a new form of countryside construction.

Study on spatial tropism distribution of rural settlements in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region based on natural factors and traffic accessibility

Morphological characteristics of rural settlements from morphogenesis perspective: a case study of rural settlements in Heilongjiang Province, China

China’s rural areas face population loss and expanded residential land in the context of rapid urbanization. The increasing hollowing of villages leads to extensive land use, making it necessary to optimize and consolidate rural settlements immediately. Therefore, how to choose an appropriate development model for rural settlements is at issue. This article builds a theoretical development model for rural settlements based on their primary development conditions and spatial patterns. It determines the development model according to the classification matrix formed by interweaving different elements in each dimension. Finally, it demonstrates the model through a case study on Pingyin County, China. The empirical findings for Pingyin County are as follows. (1) The scale of rural settlements increased from 2010 to 2020, and the agglomeration and spatial correlation intensified, but they tended to be irregular. (2) The various elements of the development foundation showed apparent spatial differentiation, and the spatial distribution of rural settlements at different levels presented a core–edge structure. (3) The development of rural settlements was reduced to six models: in-situ urbanization, satellite urbanization, competitive-industry-driven, characteristic-tourism-driven, modern-agriculture-driven, and village relocation. Finally, the article proposes different development paths for different development models.

Extended Abstract 1. INTRODUCTION Spatial expression of increase in earth planet population as the consequence of industrialization, improving the living standards, and reducing the amount of epidemic diseases in the past century, has been the physical-spatial development of urban and rural settlements. This transformation, especially during past decade, beside the technological advances, has shown rapid trend and has made the subject of achievement to optimal pattern and sustain a great challenge for physical-spatial development of mankind settlement (spatially in developing word). This subject will be crucial in countries such as Iran with hot and dry climate characteristics. Since a considerable part of urban and rural settlements are located in plains and areas with fertile soil and water, the socioeconomic life of residents depends, directly and indirectly, on desirable soil and water resources. Based on the aforementioned facts, rural settlement of Tonekabon area has been under many transformations due to the internal and external factors in the past decades As a result, a scattered and fragmented spatial system has been formed which caused us to witness physical development of this settlement and buried high-quality agricultural land under construction. Actually proximity of this area to the great metropolis of the region (Tehran, Karaj and Ghazvin) has been lead to the formation of population and capital flows to the Tonekabon area. The outcome of this has led to excluding agricultural lands from production process and unplanned development and distribution of rural settlements. Due to the forces and factors which have affected this phenomena, the aim of this article is recognition and analysis of these forces and factors, and prioritization principles of smart growth to perform based on the spatial- temporal characteristics of rural settlements. 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Rural settlement is considered as a part of spatial system, which in the recent decade is facing excessive growth due to transformation obtained from external forces and internal factors. This has caused these rural communities to meet the broad challenge of maintaining rural character and also support the economic growth and opportunity; thus they require means that can be adjusted to reflect the diversity of rural communities and that can be applied to both expanding and contracting economies. Smart growth is an approach in the frame of its goals and methods be able to protect the environment and rural social dynamics. 3. METHODOLOGY The research method was descriptive-analytic. The methods and tools used for data gathering were library and field methods, questionnaires, and maps. Statistical population of this research was household’s residents of Akhond Mahale and Soleyman Abad villages which consisted of 894 villagers in 2011. Indicators examined in this study included: Economical (employment and investment), social (population and migration), and cultural (separation and car acquisition) forces and factors. 4. CONCLUSION The results of this research show that, change in population, entrance of immigrants with financial funds, change in the employment structure, investment of different kinds of residents, and the increase of private cars are the effective factors in sprawl phenomena. Directing the growth into the rural region, strengthening rural- urban linkage, and strengthening rural services and facilities are the main prioritization of smart growth in the rural settlements under study.

The role of water resources on the distribution of rural settlements in Khdiran sub-district Water, one of the most important natural resources, is constantly renewed in nature and therefore considered a renewable resource. It is also one of the resources without which life cannot be sustained. Currently, the lack of ability to provide the necessary amount of water is considered one of the biggest problems at the global, international, and even regional levels. In this research, we discuss the impact of water resources on the distribution of rural settlements in Khdiran subdistrict. The importance of this research is that it presents the relationship and impact of water resources on rural settlements in the Khdiran sub-district in a scientific manner through the use of several modern maps and equations. The main objective of the research is to identify the role of water resources on the distribution and size of rural settlements in the study area and find the relationship between them. The preparation of water resource maps in the study area and the selection of village centers to show the relationship between them divided the study into two parts: The first part is to introduce the environmental characteristics of the study area. In this study, we have reached some results, including: The location of the study area contributes to the richness of the area in water resources based on its natural characteristics, which play an important role. Residents in the study area rely more on groundwater for their daily activities and use less surface water. The availability of large amounts of water resources in the form of surface and groundwater affects the distribution, density, and pattern of human settlements like this: A. Distribution of large human settlements near streams, rivers, and springs. B. Scattered patterns appear at the regional level according to the nearest neighbor coefficient due to the distribution of human settlements on the main streams and rivers.

Spatial distribution characteristics and optimized reconstruction analysis of China’s rural settlements during the process of rapid urbanization

Detailed analysis of continuous time-series data from regions undergoing rapid urbanization can accurately reveal spatial variations on short time scales. This study used the city of Changchun in Jilin Province, China, as a case study to analyze total and annual changes in area—especially decreases in rural settlement area—as well as regional differences in these changes and driving forces of rural settlement evolution. Quantitative analytical techniques include a dynamic percentage of rural settlements, the distribution index of rural settlements, the regression correlation analysis, and other spatial analysis methods. Data were derived from a variety of sources, including land-use databases and social and economic statistics. The results show that the area of rural settlements decreased between 2009 and 2014, with the urban construction land expansion and decreases in cultivated lands. Rural settlements also became increasingly fragmented after 2009. Most of the rural settlements were located close to the urban construction land, and changes in rural settlement area were more pronounced with decreasing distance to the closest urban construction land, illustrating the effect of urban sprawl on rural settlement changes. The analysis also shows that the decreasing area of rural settlements between 2009 and 2014 is directly caused by urban sprawl. Regional development strategies and urban planning indirectly contribute to changes in the scale and spatial distribution of rural settlements by guiding urban development. The geographical environment and strict cultivated-land-protection policies also indirectly restrict changes in rural settlements by determining the restrictive area of urban expansion. No significant changes were found in the influence of population change on changing areas of rural settlements. In conclusion, the interaction of strategy for social-economic development, natural geography environments, and human demand jointly caused changes in rural settlements.