An annotation-independent algorithm based on electrogram characteristics to guide the identification of ventricular tachycardia isthmuses in patients with structural heart disease.

Abstract

Criteria such as electrograms voltage or late potentials have been largely utilized in the past to help identify areas of substrate maps that are within the ventricular tachycardia (VT) isthmus; yet their specificity and positive predictive value are quite low. The Lumipoint fractionation tool of the Rhythmia system illuminates regions with fractionated electrograms irrespective of their timing and annotation. We aimed to ascertain whether the use of this tool can rapidly identify areas within VT isthmuses from substrate maps. Thirty patients with structural cardiomyopathy in whom a complete right ventricular-paced substrate map and a full reconstruction of the diastolic isthmus during VT could be obtained were enrolled. The VT isthmus border was projected on each substrate map to verify whether the areas illuminated by Lumipoint fell within those borders. The behavior of the electrograms detected at the illuminated areas of the substrate maps was studied during a right ventricular drive train and extra stimulus protocol: if the near field potentials showed a delayed conduction after a single extra stimulus, defined as a minimum of 10 ms increase of the time interval between the far field and the near field activation measured during the drive train, the electrogram was said to have a "decremental" behavior. The logistic analysis showed that areas with fractionated electrograms illuminated by the Lumipoint software and showing the greatest decremental behavior fell within the VT isthmus borders (OR = 1.66, CI: 1.41-1.75, p<0.001; OR=1.57 CI: 1.32-1.72, p<0.001, respectively) with a sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of 87%, 96%, and 97%, respectively. Fractionated electrograms illuminated by the automated Lumipoint software on right ventricular-paced substrate maps showing the greatest decremental behavior fall within the VT isthmus borders with a probability of 0.97, irrespective of their timing, annotation, or voltage, without any need for subjective assessment of their involvement in slow conduction areas.