Abstract
This article presents a brief overview and an annotated bibliography on the spatio-temporal modelling approaches and spatio-temporal data models that have been proposed since the late 1980s. While some models are theoretical, others are grounded upon specific case studies that have dealt with the evolution of spatial objects over time applied to scenarios such as land use, wildfire growth, road networks reconfiguration, or the analysis of objects in movement (moving objects). A taxonomy of 14 spatio-temporal modelling trends is described, the annotated bibliography is classified accordingly. Furthermore, three sections closely related to spatio-temporal modelling issues are also included: (i) ontological modelling foundations, (ii) temporal modelling, and (iii) time geography. These sections show the origins and part of the fundamentals of spatio-temporal modelling in GIS. The purpose of this bibliography, which consists of 319 references, is to compile a comprehensive set of references that can be of help to students and researchers, as well as to practitioners, interested in spatio-temporal modelling issues. This article is supported by an extended, dynamic, online bibliography which contains over 1450 references available at http://spaceandtime.wsiabato.info.
Highlights
During the last three decades, several spatio-temporal models have been proposed [1,2,3]
The SNAP/SPAN ontology introduced by Grenon and Smith [13] provides a sound conceptual background highlighting the objects vs. fields dichotomy, as well as the concepts of snapshot, change and process
Based on a comprehensive classification of the performed bibliographic review and by considering the six modelling dimensions and the fundamentals on which each modelling proposal remains, for this annotated bibliography we have identified 18 modelling trends for dynamic geographic phenomena
Summary
During the last three decades, several spatio-temporal models have been proposed [1,2,3] They can be classified by considering the theoretical approach on which each model is based or the focus of interaction (e.g., processes; events; actions; movement; and dynamic objects). All spatio-temporal modelling trends are intended to describe the dynamic nature of geographic phenomena by considering one or more of the following six modelling dimensions: changes, processes, events, actions, movement (activity), and dynamic objects. A review of the earliest bibliography related to space and time, [26], shows that, while researchers in fields such as databases and information systems had not ignored spatio-temporal issues, the work they performed showed bare sketches of temporal geographic information systems (T-GIS)not even considering a basic spatio-temporal model [27]. Around the middle of the 1990s, the event–based approach [5,6] arose as a means of integrating space and time, considering richer modelling elements and a semantics that could reproduce accurately the dynamic nature of geographic phenomena and the drivers that trigger changes
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