An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study of Malnutrition in Hemodialysis Patients in Gorgan, Iran, 2020

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition is relatively common in hemodialysis (HD) patients, which increases the risk of mortality. Seven Point Subjective Global Assessment (7-point SGA) tool is recommended to evaluate and monitor malnutrition in HD patients. The aim of this study was to investigate malnutrition using 7-point SGA in HD patients referred to dialysis centers in Gorgan city (north-eastern of Iran) in 2020. Methods: The nutritional status of 133 HD patients referred to Gorgan city dialysis center in 2020 were assessed using the 7-point SGA tool. Weight, percentage of fat, and muscle mass were measured by Omron BF511. Height was measured using the SECA portable stadiometer. Serum hemoglobin levels were recorded based on the latest recorded routine tests during the last month. A demographic information questionnaire was completed for all individuals. Medications and supplements taken by patients as well as visits by a nutrition consultant and adherence to a special diet were investigated by reviewing the medical file and asking the patient. Results: Out of 133 patients, 43.61% had no malnutrition and 56.39% had moderate malnutrition. The nutrition status was not different regarding gender and education level, but was different regarding household size (P=0.032). Patients with moderate malnutrition were older and had less weight and body mass index (BMI), but there was no statistically significant difference between height, dialysis time span, body fat and muscle mass percentage, and serum hemoglobin concentration. Conclusion: This study showed a considerable rate of malnutrition in HD patients, which should be regarded by clinicians and health policymakers.